Toward a Comprehensive Framework for Wellness: Justifying a 12-Dimensional Model
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Description
This paper introduces a 12-dimension wellness model that integrates physical, emotional, social, cultural, sexual, and digital domains alongside traditional constructs. Each domain is empirically defined and evaluated for relevance, distinctiveness, and equity impact. The model addresses critical gaps in prior frameworks by incorporating modern determinants and structural considerations. Supported by a comparative crosswalk and transparent methodology, it offers a flexible yet rigorous tool for assessing and promoting whole-person wellness across healthcare, education, and policy systems
Abstract (English)
This manuscript presents a comprehensive 12-dimension model of wellness designed to capture the full complexity of individual and population well-being. Expanding upon traditional frameworks, the model integrates physical, emotional, intellectual, social, occupational, financial, environmental, spiritual, cultural, personal, sexual, and digital wellness domains. Each dimension is empirically defined and assessed using five criteria: justifiability, distinctiveness, predictability, intervenability, and equitability. Addressing longstanding gaps in wellness theory—such as the omission of identity-based domains, limited equity orientation, and inadequate integration of contemporary determinants—the model draws from interdisciplinary evidence and structural health frameworks.
Each domain includes health outcome predictors, intervention strategies, and equity considerations. The manuscript also provides a rationale for domain exclusion, a comparative crosswalk with legacy models (e.g., Hettler, SAMHSA, WHOQOL, PERMA), and a transparent overview of methodological processes. The result is a flexible yet rigorous framework for assessing and advancing whole-person and population wellness—applicable across health systems, educational settings, community programs, and policy environments at both individual and systems levels.
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Toward a Comprehensive Framework for Wellness.pdf
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(903.4 kB)
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