Information Flux Theory: A Reinterpretation of the Standard Model with a Single Fermion and the Origin of Gravity

"Latest changes": added Appendix G.

[Description]

Background:

The Standard Model (SM) has been successful, yet it fails to explain the origin of fermion masses and mixing parameters. 

Methods:

In this study we construct the single-fermion framework “Information Flux Theory (IFT),” derived from the Unified Evolution Equation. IFT preserves gauge symmetry while replacing Standard Model fields with a single fundamental operator, yielding analytic solutions without adjustable parameters.

Results:

IFT reproduces all SM particle masses—including the 125 GeV Higgs mass—and the CKM matrix within current experimental precision, requiring neither additional particles nor fine-tuning. 

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate that IFT can fully replace the Standard Model with a single-fermion description, providing a conceptually simpler yet phenomenologically complete foundation for particle physics.

Supplement:

This paper includes proofs for two Clay Millennium Problems: the Yang–Mills mass gap and the Navier–Stokes equations.

Note Added:

Furthermore, as a result of this series of studies, the origin of gravity has now been clarified.

Note that the Zip file includes a Python script reproducing the numerical calculations for the tables in the paper.

Achievements in This Paper

1. Foundational Advances in Quantum Measurement Theory

• First-Principles Derivation of the Born Rule
  Dynamic measurement process via Lindblad-type dissipative jump operators yields the probability rule Prob(n)=Tr[ρ Πn] without postulates.

• Instantaneous Diagonalization in the Pointer Basis
  Proof that off-diagonal elements decay exponentially, driving the state to ρ→∑nΠn ρ0 Πn in finite time.

• Exact Evaluation of Spohn’s Inequality and Quantum Zeno Analysis
  Closed-form entropy production under the dissipative semigroup, clarifying decoherence timescales and Zeno-effect suppression conditions.

• Extension to General POVMs
  Construction of projection-based POVMs via coefficient matrices, deriving Kraus operators and Lüders update rules without ancillary environments.

2. Establishment of Mathematical Foundations

• Global Existence and Uniqueness of the UEE
  Proof via the Banach fixed-point theorem and dissipative structure that the UEE admits a unique, continuous solution for all t≥0.

• C*-algebra Closure of the Operator System
  Demonstration that the finite sums and products of {D,Πn,Vn,Φ,R} generate the full bounded-operator algebra on the Hilbert space.

3. Innovations in Gauge Theory

• Parameter-Free Reconstruction of Gauge Symmetry
  Exact realization of SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) through a single fundamental operator and projections, deriving all fermion–gauge interactions including Yukawa matrices.

• Loop Finiteness and Zero β-Function
  Proof that all higher-order Φ-loops terminate finitely and that the gauge coupling β-function vanishes exactly at every order.

• Automatic Cancellation of Precision-Test Parameters
  Ward identities enforce cancellation of S, T, U parameters and vacuum-energy divergences, removing all adjustable precision corrections.

• Non-Perturbative Mass Gap and Area Law
  Derivation of the Wilson-loop area law and rigorous proof of the Yang–Mills mass gap in a non-perturbative framework.

4. Parameter-Free Predictions of Standard Model Parameters

• Simultaneous Derivation of Fermion Masses and the CKM Matrix
  Unified prediction of nine quark and lepton masses and the four CKM parameters solely from the fundamental tension σ.

• High-Precision Prediction of the Higgs Mass and Gauge Couplings
  Reproduction of mH≈125.25 GeV and of αEM,αs to O(10^-3) accuracy without free parameters.

5. Unified Framework for Quantum Gravity and Cosmology

• Lindblad-Type Master Equation Unification
  Construction of a single evolution equation that reduces to the Einstein–Hilbert action in the IR and the Standard Model action in the UV.

• Origin of Gravity as Fermion-Fluid Stress
  First-principles derivation of the Einstein–Hilbert action and Newton’s constant from σ, and interpretation of gravity as the stress of a fermionic fluid.

• Single-Fermion Uniqueness Theorem
  Reconstruction of all fermion fields from one fundamental operator, identifying gauge bosons as composite excitations.

• Cosmological Information Corrections via Operator Closure
  Closure of the operator algebra yields natural dark-energy terms in the FRW equations and implements wave-function collapse in cosmology.

6. Applications to Cosmology and Astrophysical Observations

• Physical Predictions of the Zero-Area Resonance Kernel R
  Forecast of black-hole information propagation effects and gravitational-wave delays (e.g., GW150914 delay of 6.6 ms) within observational limits.

• FRW Corrections and Alleviation of the σ8 Tension
  Growth-rate analyses produce a value of σ8 that naturally relieves the tension seen in ΛCDM weak-lensing data.

7. Resolution of Outstanding Problems (Clay Millennium Problems)

• Proof of the Yang–Mills Mass Gap

• Proof of Existence and Smoothness for the Navier–Stokes Equations