Solvent-Free Organic Synthesis: A Step Toward Sustainable Chemistry

solvent-free organic synthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to chemical reactions. By eliminating or minimizing the use of volatile organic solvents, this methodology reduces environmental pollution, enhances reaction efficiency, and aligns with the principles of green chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of solvent-free synthesis, including its principles, mechanisms, advantages, and applications in various organic transformations. We discuss recent advancements in mechanochemistry, microwave-assisted synthesis, and green catalytic processes, emphasizing their role in sustainable chemistry. The review also presents a comparative analysis of solvent-free methodologies versus traditional solvent-based reactions, along with potential future directions for this evolving field. Additionally, challenges and limitations associated with solvent-free synthesis are discussed to provide a balanced perspective on this emerging domain.