Supercritical CO2 as a refrigerant

The present deliverable documents the achievement of Task 10.4 towards a universal adoption of 
natural refrigerants for future generations of detectors, covering in particular situations where water 
or boiling CO2 flows cannot be used. The programme announced in the submitted proposal has been 
extended thanks to synergies with internal funds to the case of ultra-cold detectors, requiring 
operation below the limit temperatures achievable with boiling CO2. Two natural fluids have been 
considered: supercritical carbon dioxide and Krypton. Based on the outcome of scientific literature 
review and theoretical studies, two new dedicated test setups have been designed, built and launched 
in operation.