REGIONAL STABILITY AND INTEGRATION: THE IMPLICATION OF THE WITHDRAWAL OF BURKINA FASO, MALI AND NIGER FROM ECOWAS

Abstract

In 2024, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger jointly withdrew from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), a significant political event with far-reaching implications for regional stability, security, and development. This research investigates the causes behind the withdrawal of these countries, including the role of political dissatisfaction, security concerns, and sovereignty issues, as well as the broader implications for ECOWAS through the lens of regionalism theory. Utilizing a qualitative methodology that combines document analysis and case studies, the study explores the internal and external factors influencing these nations' decisions to distance themselves from the regional bloc. Findings indicate that the political and military instability, particularly the rise of insurgencies and coups in the Sahel region, contributed significantly to the decision to withdraw. Additionally, dissatisfaction with ECOWAS's interventionist policies, especially its stance on political transitions and sanctions, played a crucial role in the member states’ departure. The paper further examines the potential consequences of this withdrawal for ECOWAS, particularly in terms of its effectiveness in promoting regional unity, security cooperation, and economic integration. The study concludes by offering recommendations for ECOWAS to reform its approach to address the evolving challenges in West Africa while maintaining its relevance as a regional organization. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on regional integration and governance in Africa, providing insights into the changing dynamics of West African politics and regional cooperation.

Keywords: ECOWAS, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Regionalism, Integration.