Published March 30, 2025 | Version CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
Journal article Open

Reduction of Frequency Deviation on Microgrid by Coordination of Electric Vehicles in a Charging Station

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, (Affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University), Trivandrum (Kerala), India.

Contributors

Contact person:

Researcher:

  • 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, (Affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University), Trivandrum (Kerala), India.
  • 2. Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, (Affiliated to APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University), Trivandrum (Kerala), India.

Description

Abstract: A microgrid is a low inertial power system. As a result, the frequency deviation of the microgrid is greater than that of the national grid, the integration of charging stations further affects the frequency deviation in the microgrid. Using Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) battery storage devices for grid support via the Vehicle to Grid(V2G) concept can reduce frequency deviation, resulting in microgrid stability. An effective algorithm-based control charging station with Grid to Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle to Grid (V2G), and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) modes of operation is designed and implemented in this work for effective Electric Vehicle charging and microgrid support.

Files

E460914050625.pdf

Files (817.0 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:c0938997d58a82d3c4a43f0b902485a9
817.0 kB Preview Download

Additional details

Identifiers

DOI
10.35940/ijitee.E4609.14040325
EISSN
2278-3075

Dates

Accepted
2025-03-15
Manuscript received on 24 January 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 27 January 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 01 March 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 March 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 March 2025.

References

  • M. T. Lawder et al.," Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1014-1030, June 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2014.2317451
  • Phoomat Jampeethong and Surin Khomfoi, "Coordinated Control of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Frequency Regulation in Microgrids", IEEE Access, Vol 8, 2020,141967-141976, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010276
  • S. Erahimi, M. Taghavi, F. Tahami and H. Oraee," A single-phase integrated bidirectional plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger," IECON 2014- 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Dallas, TX, 2014, pp. 1137-1142, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2014.7048645
  • K. Kaur, N. Kumar and M. Singh," Coordinated Power Control of Electric Vehicles for Grid Frequency Support: MILP-Based Hierarchical Control Design," in IEEEJ Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 3364 3373, May 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2825322
  • M. P. Jadhav and V. N. Kalkhambkar," Frequency Regulation by Electric Vehicle," 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT), Coimbatore, 2018, pp. 1- 6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/icctct.2018.8551055
  • T. Ninkovi´ c, M. ´ Calasan and S. Mujovi´c," Coordination of electric vehicles charging in the distribution system," 2020 19th International Symposium INFOTEH JAHORINA (INFOTEH), East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020, pp. 1-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/infoteh48170.2020.9066303
  • H. S. V. S. K. Nunna, S. Battula, S. Doolla and D. Srinivasan," Energy Management in Smart Distribution Systems with Vehicle-to-Grid Integrated Microgrids," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 4004 4016, Sept. 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2646779
  • M. L. Lazarewicz and A. Rojas," Grid frequency regulation by recycling electrical energy in flywheels," IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2004., Denver, CO, 2004, pp. 2038-2042 Vol.2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/pes.2004.1373235
  • D. Urcan and D. Bic˘ a," Integrating and modeling the Vehicle to Grid concept in Micro-Grids," 2019 International Conference on ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT (CIEM), Timisoara, Romania, 2019, pp. 299-303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ciem46456.2019.8937610
  • G. Chen, Q. Cheng, H. Wang, M. Li, C. Xu and L. Deng," Study on bidirectional energy transfer of EV charging station on micro-grid operation," Proceeding of the 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Shenyang, 2014, pp. 5517-5522, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2014.7053658
  • G. R. C. Mouli, J. Kaptein, P. Bauer and M. Zeman," Implementation of dynamic charging and V2G using Chademo and CCS/Combo DC charging standard," 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Dearborn, MI, 2016, pp. 1-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/itec.2016.7520271
  • Y. Zhao, M. Shi, S. He, W. Tang and Y. Jia, "A Cooperative Game Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Site Recommendation Considering User Price Sensitivity," 2023 IEEE 7th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Hangzhou, China, 2023, pp. 5357-5363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ei259745.2023.10513279
  • K. Fu, T. Hamacher, H. Zhao, V. Terzija and V. S. Perić, "MIMO-MPC Based Coordinated Load Frequency Control Considering the SOC of Battery and EV," 2023 International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon), Jinan, China, 2023, pp. 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1109/PowerCon58120.2023.10330929
  • X. Zhang, H. Hu, Z. Dong, F. Huangfu, Y. Liu and G. Strbac, "A Coordinative Strategy for Numerous Electric Vehicles in a Resilient Urban Energy System," 2022 IEEE 6th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), Chengdu, China, 2022, pp. 3222- 3227, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1109/EI256261.2022.10116296
  • K. M. S. Y. Konara and M. L. Kolhe, "Charging Coordination of Opportunistic EV Users at Fast Charging Station with Adaptive Charging," 2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference (ITEC-India), New Delhi, India, 2021, pp. 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC-India53713.2021.9932507
  • Z. Li, Y. Xu, J. Chen, Q. Wu, B. Pan and G. Liu, "Multi-Objective Coordinated Planning of Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicle Charging Station," 2021 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (ISPEC), Nanjing, China, 2021, pp. 551-556, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1109/iSPEC53008.2021.9735868
  • A. Das and D. Wu, "Optimal Coordination of Electric Vehicles for Grid Services using Deep Reinforcement Learning," 2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Seattle, WA, USA, 2024, pp. 1-5, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM51994.2024.10688956
  • Thanh-Vu Tran, Tae-Won Chun, Hong-Hee Lee, Heung Geun Kim and Eui-Cheol Nho, "Control for grid connected and stand-alone operations of a three-phase grid connected inverter," 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICR ERA), Nagasaki, 2012, pp. 1-5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2012.6477348
  • Mane, Jaya Jain, A.M. (2015), "Design, modelling, and control of bidirectional DC-DC converter (for EV)", 294 297. 10.1109/ERECT.2015.7499029, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/erect.2015.7499029
  • A. Bakeer, M. A. Ismeil and M. Orabi," A Powerful Finite Control SetModel Predictive Control Algorithm for Quasi Z-Source Inverter," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1371-1379, Aug. 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2016.2569527
  • Tamara Ninkovic, Martin Calasan, and Sasa Mujovic, "Coordination of electric vehicles charging in the distribution system", 19th international symposium INFOTECH-JAHORINA,18–20 March 2020, pp. 1-6, IEEE, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/infoteh48170.2020.9066303
  • Clement K, Haesen E, and Driesen J, "The impact of uncontrolled and controlled charging of plug-in hybrid vehicles on the distribution grid", EET-2008 3rd European Electric Drive Transportation Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, March 11-13, 2008, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0590
  • Sunkara, S., & Hayath, S. (2023). Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles. In Indian Journal of Software Engineering and Project Management (Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 1–6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijsepm.a9017.013123
  • Warbhe, Mrs. R., Patil, Mr. G., Mishra, Mrs. E., & Joshi, Mrs. H. (2020). Electric Vehicles Charging Display Unit. In International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp. 3041–3044). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.c8081.019320
  • Devaneshwar, B. (2021). Calibrating Best Route Based on Battery Percentage and Availability of Charging Station. In The International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) (Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 192–194). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f5499.039621
  • Elgammal, A., & Ramlal, T. (2020). Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Control Strategy Powered by Grid Linked Hybrid PV Wind Battery Renewable Energy System. In International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 414–422). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f1475.089620
  • Koli, H., & Chawla, Prof. M. P. S. (2022). Comparative Study of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems with Lithium-Ion and Solid State Batteries. In International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (Vol. 10, Issue 10, pp. 1–6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijese.i2540.09101022