Accessibility Analysis of Some Indian Educational Web Portals
Description
Web portals are being considered as excellent means for conducting teaching and learning activities electronically. The number of online services such as course enrollment, tutoring through online course materials, evaluation and even certification through web portals is increasing day by day. However, the effectiveness of an educational web portal depends on its accessibility to a wide range of students irrespective of their age, and physical abilities. Accessibility of web portals largely depends on their userfriendliness in terms of design, contents, assistive features, and online support. In this paper, we have critically analyzed the web portals of thirty Indian Universities of different categories based on the WCAG 2.0 guidelines. The purpose of this study is to point out the deficiencies that are commonly observed in web portals and help web designers to remove such deficiencies from the academic web portals with a view to enhance their accessibility.
Files
7417ijcsea04.pdf
Files
(1.0 MB)
Name | Size | Download all |
---|---|---|
md5:019d0a951036abd58668315fa454794b
|
1.0 MB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Documents
- https://aircconline.com/ijcsea/V7N4/7417ijcsea04.pdf (URL)
Dates
- Copyrighted
-
2017
References
- [1] Abdulmohsen Abanumy, Ali Al-Badi, and Pam Mayhew, (2005) "E-Government Website Accessibility: In-Depth Evaluation of Saudi Arabia and Oman", The Electronic Journal of eGovernment, Vol. 3 (3), 2005, pp- 99-106. [2] Irina Ceaparu, and Ben Shneiderman, (2002) "Improving Web-based Civic Information Access: A Case Study of the 50 US States", International Symposium on Technology and Society, (ISTAS'02)., Copyright 2002 IEEE, pp. 275-282, DOI: 10.1109/ISTAS.2002.1013826. [3] Joanne M. Kuzma, Dorothy Yen, and Klaus Oestreicher, (2009) "Global e-government Web Accessibility: An Empirical Examination of EU, Asian and African Sites", Second International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Accessibility, 2009, pp 1-6. [4] Mustafa Al-Radaideh, Maryam Nuser, and Abdullah Wahbeh, (2011) "Evaluating Accessibility of Jordanian E-Government Websites for People with Disabilities", The International Conference on Information and Communication Systems – ICICS, 2011. [5] Mohd Hanapi Aabdul Latif, and Mohamad Noorman. Masrek, (2010) "Accessibility Evaluation on Malaysian E-Government Websites", Journal of e-Government Studies and Best Practice, 2010, pp 1- 11. [6] Maslina Abdul Aziz, Wan Abdul Rahim Wan Mohd Isa, and Norzainuriah Nordin, (2010) "Assessing the Accessibility and Usability of Malaysia Higher Education Website", Proceeding of the 2010 International Conference on User Science Engineering (i-USEr), Shah Alam, Malaysia, pp. 203-208, DOI: 10.1109/IUSER.2010.5716752. [7] Jeff Carter and Mike Markel, "Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities: An Introduction for Web Developers", IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, VOL. 44 (4), 2001, pp. 225- 233, DOI: 10.1109/47.968105. [8] Faouzi Kamoun, Basel M. Al Mourad, and Emad Bataineh, (2013) "WCAG 1.0 versus WCAG 2.0 Web Accessibility Compliance: A Case Study", International Conference on Digital Information Processing, E-Business and Cloud Computing, United Arab Emirates, 2013, pp 94-101. [9] Manas Ranjan Patra, Amar. Ranjan. Dash, and Prasanna Kumar Mishra, (2014) "A Quantitative Analysis of WCAG 2.0 Compliance for some Indian Web Portals", International Journal of Computer Science Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA), AIRCC, Vol. 4(1), 2014, pp. 9-24, DOI: 10.5121/ijcsea.2014.4102. [10] Manas Ranjan Patra, Amar Ranjan Dash, and Prasanna Kumar Mishra, (2014) "Accessibility Analysis of Government Web Portals of Asian Countries", Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ICEGOV 2014, ACM, pp. 383-386, DOI: 10.1145/2691195.2691253. [11] Rita Ismailova, and Yavuz Inal, (2016) "Web site accessibility and quality in use: a comparative study of government Web sites in Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey", Universal Access in the Information Society, Springer, 2016 pp 1-10, DOI: 10.1007/s10209-016-0490-z [12] Ibtehal S Baazeem, and Hend S. Al-Khalifa, (2015) "Advancements in Web Accessibility Evaluation Methods: How Far Are We?", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiwas 2015), ACM, DOI: 10.1145/2837185.2843850. [13] Abid Ismail and K. S. Kuppusamy, (2016) "Accessibility of Indian universities' homepages: An exploratory study", Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences (2016), Elsevier, pp 1-11. [14] Tahani Alahmadi and Drew Steve, (2016) "An evaluation of the accessibility of top-ranking-ranking university websites: Accessibility rates from 2005 to 2015", Proceedings of the DEANZ 2016, pp 224-233. [15] Aidi Ahmi and Rosli Mohamad, (2015) "Web Accessibility of the Malaysian Public University Websites", Proceedings of the International conference on E-Commerce, 2015, pp 171-177. [16] Hayafa Y. Abuaddous, M. Z. Jali, and Nurlida Basir, (2013) "Study of the Accessibility Diagnosis on the Public Higher Institutions Websites in Malaysia", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computing and Informatics (ICOCI 2013), 28-30 August, 2013, Sarawak, Malaysia. [17] Shaun K. Kane, Jessie A. Shulman, Timothy J. Shockley, and Richard E. Ladner, "A web accessibility report card for top international university web sites", In Proceedings of the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference on Web accessibility (W4A), ACM, pp 148-156, DOI: 10.1145/1243441.1243472. [18] Wendy A. Chisholm and Shawn Lawton Henry, "Interdependent Components of Web Accessibility", Proceedings of the 2005 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A), ACM, pp 31-37, DOI: 10.1145/1061811.1061818. [19] Boukari. Souley and Amina S. Sambo, "A Comparative Performance Analysis of Popular Internet Browsers in Current Web Applications", West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research, Vol. 4(1), 2014, pp 62-68. [20] Manas Ranjan Patra and Amar Ranjan Dash, (in press) "Accessibility Analysis of Web Browsers", International Journal of Services Technology and Management (IJSTM), INDERSCIENCE. [21] Manas Ranjan Patra and Amar Ranjan Dash, (2017) "Analysis of Android Cell Phone Web-Browsers to Facilitate Accessible m-Governance", Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, ICEGOV 2017, ACM, pp. 276-284, DOI: [22] Jalal Mahmud, Yevgen Borodin, and I. V. Ramakrishnan, (20007) "CSurf: A Context-Driven NonVisual Web-Browser", Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web, WWW 2007, ACM, PP 31-40, DOI: 10.1145/1242572.1242578. [23] Yevgen Borodin, Jalal Mahmud, I. V. Ramakrishnan, and Amanda Stent, (2007) "The HearSay NonVisual Web Browser", Proceedings of the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference on Web accessibility (W4A), ACM, 2007, pp 128-129, DOI: 10.1145/1243441.1243444. [24] Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (ATAG WG), [online] http://www.w3.org/WAI/AU/ (Accessed 10 September 2016) [25] User Agent Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (UAWG), [online] http://www.w3.org/ WAI/UA/ (Accessed 10 September 2016). [26] Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Working Group (WCAG WG), [online] http://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/ (Accessed 10 September 2016) [27] Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, (2008), W3CRecomendation 11 December 2008, [online] http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/. (Accessed 10 September 2016) [28] Miquel Termens, Mireia Ribera, Merce Porras, Marc Boldú, Andreu Sulé, and Pilar Paris, "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines: from 1.0 to 2.0", Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web, ACM, 2009, pp-1171-1172, DOI: 10.1145/1526709.1526912. [29] Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0 (2015), [online] http://www.w3.org/TR/ ATAG20/ (Accessed 10 September 2016) [30] User Agent Accessibility Guideline (UAAG) 2.0, (2013), [online] http://www.w3.org/TR/ UAAG20/ (Accessed 10 September 2016)