Techno-economic analysis of CO2 conditioning and transport systems for offshore shipping

Among available modes for transport of captured CO2, pressurised pipelines are generally preferred for long distances and attract the most attention. However, limitations such as the high capital expenditure and implementation time have introduced more focus on the emerging marine transportation of CO2 especially for offshore transport. This more flexible mode of CO2 transport requires the liquefaction of CO2 before shipping This study investigates liquefaction systems for CO2 ship transport with different feed streams representative of three different types of capture routes (pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel) and four industries (cement plant, iron and steel industry, power plant, and refinery) at delivery pressure 7 bar and 15 bar. The methodology results in various liquefaction routes configured using Aspen Plus process simulations, showing that the purities of CO2 products reach 99% after the liquefaction process in all the cases. The refinery case at the 15 bar delivery pressure presents the lowest levelised cost of $16.01/tCO2.