urbisphere

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There is a newer version of the record available.

Published January 29, 2025 | Version V1.39
Dataset Open

Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris (France) from 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05

Authors/Creators

  • 1. ROR icon University of Freiburg
  • 2. EDMO icon University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences
  • 3. EDMO icon CNRS, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace
  • 4. ROR icon Met Office
  • 5. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
  • 6. École Polytechnique
  • 7. ROR icon Météo-France
  • 8. ROR icon University of Reading

Contributors

  • 1. ROR icon Sorbonne Université
  • 2. ROR icon University of Freiburg
  • 3. ROR icon FORTH Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics
  • 4. EDMO icon CNRS, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace
  • 5. ROR icon Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
  • 6. EDMO icon Météo France, National Center for Meteorological Research

Description

This is an outdated version of this dataset. Please use the latest version instead.

Quality controlled and harmonized dataset on wind direction and wind speed profiles from ground-based Doppler Wind LIDARS (DWL), deployed in a multi-institutional effort along a 40 km transect through the centre of the Paris Metropolitan area (France) for the period 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05.

The dataset, its derivation, quality control and evaluation against radiosondes and in-situ observations are decribed in the following manuscript:

Morrison, W., Looschelders, D., Céspedes, J., Claxton, B., Drouin, M.-A., Dupont, J.-C., Faucheux, A., Haeffelin, M., Holst, C. C., Kotthaus, S., Masson, V., McGregor, J., Price, J., Zeeman, M., Grimmond, S., and Christen, A.: Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris, France, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, 2025.

Preview graphs for the full dataset on a daily basis (wind speed, wind direction, wind barbs) are available here:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15090857

Continuous data availability consists of

  • Extensive Operation Period (EOP) with 3 DWLs from June 10, 2022 – March 05, 2024
  • Two Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) with six DWL over 9 weeks in September 2023 to December 2023. 

Detailed data availability per site along with weather conditions and classifications can be found in the files "paris_dwl_L3V1.39_data_availability_weather.pdf" and "paris_dwl_L3V1.39_data_availability_weather.xlsx".

Data are provided in daily NetCDF files in two temporal resolutions of 10 minutes ("_600s") and 1 hour ("_3600s"). All dates / times are in UTC. Files are packaged by year and month using the following name convention "paris_dwl_L3VX.XX_YYYY_MM_RRRRs.tar.gz", where X.XX is the version number, YYYY refers to the year, (2022-2024) MM to the month of the year (01-12), and RRRR is the time resolution with "600s" and "3600s".

NetCDF files contain the following fields:

standard_name (Variable name) Dimensions Description
time 1 Timestamp: end of time interval. 600 s and 3600 s time intervals are provided, in separate data files (600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 00:10:00 and 3600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 01:00:00). All variables are harmonised to this resolution as averages (e.g. wind) or percentage occurrence (e.g. flags) 
altitude 1  Altitude of centre of each measurement gate above mean sea level (m). Harmonised gates are 25 m from 0 – 6500 m with values linearly interpolated to this resolution 
station 1 Measurement location identifier (see table below), all are listed even if no valid data are retrieved during the file’s date. 
eastward_wind (u)  3 Mean eastward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval 
northward_wind (v)  3 Mean northward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval 
wind_speed (ws)  3 Horizontal wind speed calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (m s-1) 
wind_from_direction (wd)  3 Horizontal wind direction calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (degrees from true north) 
system_id  2 Serial number of sensor deployed at station at a given time 
latitude (station_lat)  1 Latitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) 
longitude (station_lon)  1 Longitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) 

station_altitude 

1 

Measurement station height above ground level (m).  

Ground level is the “street” level so if the station is on a rooftop, the height will accounts for the building height and any mounting structure 

station_height 

 1  Average height of station above sea level (reference_geoid: EGM96) (m) 

n_rays_in_scan 

2 

Number of rays in a scan. e.g. 12 for a VAD scan that has 12 samples within one scan 

n_pulses 

2 

Number of pulses in a given ray. More pulses, the higher the integration time 

raw_gate_length 

2 

Gate length prior to L3 aggregation (m) 

flag_suspect_retrieval_warn 

3 

Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval warning not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Retrievals retained but treat with caution 

flag_suspect_retrieval_removed 

3 

Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval error not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Data removed 

flag_low_signal_warn 

3 

Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrievals retained but treat with caution 

flag_low_signal_removed 

3 

Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrieval rejected 

flag_ws_out_of_range_removed 

3 

Percentage of values within time interval with wind speed outside reasonable retrievable range (> 60 m s-1) (i.e. removed). Evaluated after all other retrieval QC 

Notes

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Creative Commons 4.0 by Attribution International. CC4.0-BY.

CREATOR NOTICE

This work is owned by the Authors.

ATTRIBUTION NOTICE

Funding for the data processing and harmonization was provided by the European Commission for the “Carbon Atmospheric Tracer Research to Improve Numerics and Evaluation (CATRINE)” project (grant agreement No 101135000); DWL operation and data collection was funded by ERC “urbisphere - coupling dynamic cities and climate” (grant agreement 855005), by ATMO-ACCESS (grant agreement 101008004, ATMO-TNA-3—0000000125) and by the European Commission through the project “Pilot Application in Urban Landscapes - Towards integrated city observatories for greenhouse gases” (grant agreement 101037319). Selected equipment was provided by the Atmospheric Measurement and Observation Facility (AMOF, UK Research and Innovation).

DISCLAIMER NOTICE

The use of the work is at the user's own risk. The authors, the involved institutions, and/or the European Commission accept no liability for material or non-material damage arising from the use or non-use or from the use of incorrect or incomplete information in this work. The authors, the involved institutions, and/or the European Research Commission are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information in this work. The legal provisions remain unaffected.

MATERIAL NOTICE

The notices cover data in databases, text and images contained in the work.

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Additional details

Is derived from
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12772010 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12772030 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12771961 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12771906 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12771970 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12771970 (DOI)
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.12771750 (DOI)
Is described by
Publication: 10.5194/essd-2025-167 (DOI)
Is supplemented by
Plot: 10.5281/zenodo.15090857 (DOI)

Funding

European Commission
urbisphere - urbisphere - coupling dynamic cities and climate 855005
European Commission
CATRINE - Carbon Atmospheric Tracer Research to Improve Numerics and Evaluation 101135000
European Commission
ATMO-ACCESS - Solutions for Sustainable Access to Atmospheric Research Facilities 101008004
European Commission
PAUL - Pilot Application in Urban Landscapes - Towards integrated city observatories for greenhouse gases 101037319
UK Research and Innovation
Atmospheric Measurement and Observation Facility (AMOF) ncas10008

Dates

Collected
2022-06-10/2024-03-05

Software

Repository URL
https://github.com/willmorrison1/paris-harmonised-dwl
Programming language
Python