Object Detection & Analysis with Deep CNN and Yolov8 in Soft Computing Frameworks

Abstract: Object detection is one of the major roles in deep learning and soft computing which contributes to many real time cases in healthcare, agriculture etc. This study proposes a deep learning-based approach for object detection to detect lung cancer and diagnosis by utilizing deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and the YOLOv8 model, with DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images for robust image analysis. Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, necessitating early and accurate detection to improve patient outcomes. The primary objective of the research is to enhance the accuracy, precision, and recall rates in lung cancer detection, while reducing false positives and false negatives, through advanced machine learning techniques. In the proposed work, CNN is employed for feature extraction, enabling the model to capture the intricate patterns present in the DICOM images. YOLOv8, a cutting-edge object detection algorithm, is integrated to detect cancerous regions with high efficiency and speed. A comparative analysis is conducted with traditional machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed deep learning models. The experimental results reveal that the CNN-YOLOv8 model achieves remarkable accuracy of 94%, with a precision of 93.56%, recall of 92%, ROC score of 93%, and an F-score of 94.60%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of deep learning in lung cancer detection, significantly outperforming conventional models in terms of accuracy and reliability. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of CNN with YOLOv8, specifically optimized for medical DICOM images, which allows for real-time, accurate identification of lung cancer while maintaining computational efficiency.