Recent Developments in Exoplanet Observation Techniques

Recent developments in exoplanet detection methods have made it easier for us to observe and describe the worlds existing outside our solar system, as they bring a noticeable improvement to the sensitivity to even the smaller and more Earth-like planets. Latest space telescopes, such as NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and those launched by the European Space Agency (ESA), for instance the CHEOPS, are of great assistance. Also, ground-based observatories that have adaptive optics and high-resolution spectrographs, such as the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) are making impressive changes to the method by allowing a direct image and achieving a high precision of radial velocities. In addition to that, progress made in photometry has made it possible to spot water, methane, and carbon — all of which are necessary for gauging whether a planet has the conditions for habitation. Moreover, machine learning along with new data analysis methods enhances the search for exoplanetary candidates in huge volumes of data. Such changes mark the development of a completely new chapter in exoplanetary science combining exoplanets formation processes, their variability, as well as the possibility and conditions of life within them.