Plurilinguisme et émergence d'un discours médiatique en langue africaine : Les contraintes liées à la traduction du vocabulaire de la langue source (français) vers la langue cible (moore)

Description

Abstract

Burkina Faso, like most Francophone African countries, has a common feature: linguistic heterogeneity. In Burkina Faso alone, researchers have identified 59 national languages dominated by a single official language, French. In such a sociolinguistic context, translation remains a means that facilitates communication between the local linguistic diversities (translation from one national language to another national language) on the one hand but also between national languages and foreign languages (translation from French to a national language) on the other hand. It is the second type of translation that interests us in this study. This is referred to as "vertical translation" because it involves translating from a language with a superior status (French) to another with a less prestigious status (Moore, a national language). We have chosen to focus on media using the national language Moore as the language of processing and dissemination of information because not only is Moore the dominant vehicular national language of Burkina Faso, but it is also one of the most used national languages in the country's media. However, translating in a multilingual context in the field of press proves to be a difficult exercise for journalists in national languages. In the audiovisual press in Burkina Faso in general, for example, there is a certain marginalization of national languages compared to French when analyzing the program schedules and broadcast slots. Furthermore, in national language media, the processing and dissemination of information first go through a translation work of concepts related to socio-political news from French to national languages; but this translation work leads to improvisations, distortions, and inflations. In short, we witness a translation that distorts the very content of the information. In recent years, Burkina Faso has been experiencing a socio-political crisis marked by repeated coups and a security crisis manifested by terrorist attacks across the territory. The press must report these facts in the national language Moore, but certain realities are not perceived in this language, they remain foreign to the culture it conveys. What are the constraints related to the translation of socio-political news into Moore? In other words, the objective of this study is first to determine and analyze the difficulties encountered by journalists in the national language Moore in translating political news and then to propose a lexicon that covers the political domain. Journalists in Africa do not master both languages, that is, French as the source language and Moore as the target language, to adequately transpose information related to political news. Through this study, we were able to identify the difficulties related to the translation of political messages, which include, among others, the absence of equivalents for terms of political landscape realities in Moore and the lack of mastery of French, which is reflected in the linguistic insecurity manifested by journalists. However, despite the positive image that journalists construct of French to the detriment of Moore, they make great efforts to translate political information into Moore. Our work involves, to a certain extent, the concepts of sociolinguistics. Indeed, we find ourselves in a specific context, which is the contact of languages in the African context and its effects on speakers' practices. There is a desire to enrich the concepts of media discourse in African languages on one hand, and a sociolinguistic perspective to question the existing language policies on the other hand. We were able to highlight four (04) translation processes: lexeme to lexeme, lexeme to compound, lexeme to syntagm, and syntagm to syntagm translations. For these unfamiliar terms, journalists adopt various strategies such as literal translation, translation by explanation, and lexical borrowing to share information related to the political field