The Role of Social Media in Enhancing Public Awareness and Response During Emergencies: A Literature Review

In recent years, the role of social media in emergency management has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance public awareness and response during crises. This literature review synthesizes findings from various studies to explore how social media platforms—such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram—serve as vital tools for real-time communication, community engagement, and situational awareness. The review identifies key themes, including the dual-edged nature of social media, which can facilitate rapid information dissemination while also posing risks of misinformation. By integrating social media into emergency management strategies, agencies can bridge communication gaps between responders and the public, fostering a collaborative environment essential for effective crisis management. The findings highlight the importance of two-way communication, enabling community members to share experiences that enhance collective action during emergencies. However, challenges such as organizational resistance and the spread of false information must be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of social media in crisis situations. This paper concludes with best practices and policy recommendations to guide emergency management agencies in leveraging social media effectively, ensuring that it serves as a reliable resource for public safety and community resilience.