MembraneR3 Extension - a membrane elastic protein network implementation for modeling cytoskeleton

The lipid bilayer shape numerical model MembraneR3 (Frickenhaus, 2024) is extended with a shear-elastic network model, as basis of a membrane skeleton model. For this, local area expansion and shear stress are computed on the basis of the same spectral approach. Goal is, to reproduce qualitatively the results from Lim et. al. (2002), which simulated the transition of red blood cell membrane shape from stomatocyte to echinocyte.

Here results from shear-elastic network validation simulations are prsented.

Frickenhaus, S. (2024). MembraneR3 - A spectral model of membrane shape based on Helfrich spontaneous curvature in R. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13627757

Lim, H. W. G., Wortis, M., Mukhopadhyay, R. (2002) Stomatocyte-discocyte-echinocyte sequence of the human red blood cell: evidence for the bilayer- couple hypothesis from membrane mechanics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16766-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.202617299

ERRATUM

In MembraneR3_Infra_GLS.R please remove the incomplete code of the last function LM2A( )