Guidelines and Training Materials for Data Collection

Data is essential for effective planning, particularly in rural planning, as it plays a critical role throughout the entire process. When collecting data, several key factors need to be considered: identifying minimum data needs, defining the scope of indicators, balancing quantitative and qualitative information, ensuring objectivity, deciding on the level of data disaggregation, setting appropriate collection timing, specifying accuracy standards, and prioritizing between primary and secondary data sources. Secondary data should be prioritized when available and appropriate, as it is typically more cost-effective. Useful secondary data sources for local rural planning include national censuses, surveys, government records, spatial data, and local knowledge. Primary data collection methods can vary in resource intensity. While traditional surveys are reliable, they are resource-intensive. Rapid rural appraisal techniques, though less comprehensive, can provide sufficient data with fewer resources. Participant observation, using local staff, can also be an efficient and effective method for gathering local data. Ultimately, data is critical for rural policy and planning, as informed decision-making requires access to sufficient, relevant, and accurate information.

The general approach is structured into five main sections. Chapter 2.1 introduces key methods for identifying priorities, focusing on the use of the Rural Diversity Compass. This tool helps stakeholders navigate the complexities of rural planning by highlighting key areas of concern and guiding them toward more effective outcomes through the identification of relevant indicators for monitoring and evaluation processes. Chapter 2.2 covers essential considerations that should be addressed before data collection begins, such as the quantity, quality, type, format, and source of data. Chapter 2.3 provides an overview of relevant open data banks, drawing on the inventory of available datasets for rural development conducted by GRANULAR (Deliverable D3.1_Screening_Rural_Data_Sources). It also includes an evaluation of the performance and costs associated with acquiring rural data at various geographical scales (Deliverable D3.2 Exploring rural data landscapes – A benchmark of performance and costs in the EU and beyond). This section highlights five key types of secondary data crucial for the social aspects of rural area planning: demographic data, agricultural household surveys, official government records, maps, and general knowledge. Chapter 2.4 discusses various methods for collecting primary data, while Chapter 2.5 examines techniques for data analysis and visualization. Finally, Chapter 2.6 explores how to formulate effective rural policies, using three sector-specific examples that illustrate the challenges and importance of relying on reliable data.