Role of ELISA in Screening of Blood Donors for Viral Hepatitis B & C in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Jamshedpur
Creators
- 1. Associate Professor, Department of Blood Bank, MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
- 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Blood Bank, MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
- 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Blood Bank, MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur Jharkhand, India
- 4. Tutor, Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
Description
Background: Hepatitis B and C are significant global health concerns due to their potential to cause chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood transfusion remains a key transmission route, especially in regions with less stringent screening protocols. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is widely used for detecting Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies, helping to mitigate the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Aim: This study aims to evaluate the role of ELISA in screening blood donors for Hepatitis B and C at a tertiary care hospital in Jamshedpur, India, and to assess the predominance of these infections among the donor population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, involving 300 voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care hospital. Blood samples were collected and tested using ELISA for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with Chi-square tests employed to assess associations between demographic variables and ELISA results. Results: The study found that 5% of donors tested positive for HBsAg, while 3.33% tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies. No significant associations were observed between demographic factors (such as age, gender, and occupation) and the likelihood of testing positive for either infection. Conclusion: The ELISA method proved effective in identifying Hepatitis B and C infections among blood donors. The study highlights the importance of routine and universal screening in blood donation practices to ensure the safety of blood transfusions. Recommendations: There is a need for continuous and stringent screening protocols using ELISA in all blood donation centers. Further studies are recommended to monitor the predominance of Hepatitis B and C in different regions and populations to improve public health strategies and reduce the burden of these infections.
Abstract (English)
Background: Hepatitis B and C are significant global health concerns due to their potential to cause chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood transfusion remains a key transmission route, especially in regions with less stringent screening protocols. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is widely used for detecting Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies, helping to mitigate the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Aim: This study aims to evaluate the role of ELISA in screening blood donors for Hepatitis B and C at a tertiary care hospital in Jamshedpur, India, and to assess the predominance of these infections among the donor population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, involving 300 voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care hospital. Blood samples were collected and tested using ELISA for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, with Chi-square tests employed to assess associations between demographic variables and ELISA results. Results: The study found that 5% of donors tested positive for HBsAg, while 3.33% tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies. No significant associations were observed between demographic factors (such as age, gender, and occupation) and the likelihood of testing positive for either infection. Conclusion: The ELISA method proved effective in identifying Hepatitis B and C infections among blood donors. The study highlights the importance of routine and universal screening in blood donation practices to ensure the safety of blood transfusions. Recommendations: There is a need for continuous and stringent screening protocols using ELISA in all blood donation centers. Further studies are recommended to monitor the predominance of Hepatitis B and C in different regions and populations to improve public health strategies and reduce the burden of these infections.
Files
IJPCR,Vol16,Issue7,Article288.pdf
Files
(291.2 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:88ee5d98fc88db247e95758196f935d7
|
291.2 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2024-06-25
Software
- Repository URL
- https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/16/IJPCR,Vol16,Issue7,Article288.pdf
- Development Status
- Active
References
- 1. World Health Organization. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. WHO. 2021. 2. Oliveira AC, Pontes JP. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a tool for epidemiological surveillance of communicable diseases. Rev Pan-Amaz Saude. 2020;11. 3. Singh MP, Mishra S, Kalra N, et al. Predominance of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2019;62(3):458-462. 4. Gupta E, Bajpai M, Choudhary A, et al. Predominance and trends of transfusion transmitted infections in a regional blood transfusion centre. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2019;13(1):37-41 5. Adeleke A, Fasola F, Fowotade A. Comparative Analysis of Rapid Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Screening of Blood Donors for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seropositivity. West African Journal of Medicine. 2021;38(1):857-861. 6. Bajpai M, Kakkar B, Gupta E, Kumar G. Performance evaluation of blood donor screening assays for serological detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to Hepatitis C virus. Global Journal of Transfusion Medicine. 2021;6:205-210. 7. Ibrahim I, Mamman A, Balogun MS, Babadoko A, Hassan A, Augustine B, et al. Towards 2030 Target for Hepatitis B and C Viruses Elimination: Assessing the Validity of Predonation Rapid Diagnostic Tests versus Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in State Hospitals in Kaduna, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical Journal. 2019;60:161-164. 8. Dhiman Y, Patidar G, Hazarika A. Consecutive reactive results in screening of transfusion transmitted infections: Family history of blood donors is also important. Transfusion and Apheresis Science. 2019.