Ara tricolor Bechstein, Proximal 1811
Creators
Description
36. † Ara tricolor Bechstein, 1811
Cuban Macaw (Guacamayo Cubano)
Ara tricolor Bechstein, 1811, in Latham, Allg. Ueber. 4(1): 64, pl. 1.
Le petit Ara d’Aubenton, 1779, Planches Enl. 641.
L’Ara tricolor Levaillant, 1801: 13.
Macrocercus aracanga: Vieillot, 1816: 258.
Macrocercus tricolor: Vieillot, 1816: 262.
Psittacus tricolor: Kuhl, 1820: 16.
S [ittace]. tricolor: Wagler, 1832: 669, 733.
Arara tricolor: Brehm, 1842: 3.
Sittace? lichtensteini: Wagler, fide Bonaparte 1856.
Ara cubensis Wetherbee, 1985: 174.
Type specimen.—Neontological material (extinct during second half of 19th century): adult mounted, MNHN CG 2000–726, with no date, precise locality, or collector (see Kirkconnell et al. 2020, pl. 58).
Referred material.— Skull: lacking zygomatic arches, right portion of frontal area, and most of bone around otic regions, AC- 7 (Olson & Suárez 2008b: 287–288, fig. 1B: top [ventral], middle [dorsal], bottom [lateral]); rostrum, IGP/ACC unnumbered, at CZACC (Arredondo 1984: 18). Carpometacarpus: proximal half of right, AMNH unnumbered (Wetmore 1928: 4).
Distribution.—Cave and sinkhole deposits in west and central Cuba (see Appendix). Artemisa. Caimito: ACP (Arredondo 1984: 18, Arredondo & Arredondo 2002a: table 1, 2002b: table 1). Cienfuegos. Palmira: CCM (Wetmore 1928: 4). Villa Clara. Sagua La Grande: VCB (Olson & Suárez 2008b: 287–288).
Direct 14 C dating.—None. For two indirect conventional dating from CCM (>30,000 to 25,000 ± 2,000 14 C yr BP), see Kulp et al. (1952: 419, table 2 [two samples: pine cones and wood]).
Notes.—Rare in Cuban Quaternary fossil localities with swampy palaeo-environmental indicators (Olson & Suárez 2008b). One record from a cave deposit in Mayabeque province (Arredondo & Arredondo 2002b: table 1) is erroneous (see section III). Fossils from Long Island, Bahamas, recently referred to Cuban Macaw by Steadman & Franklin (2020: table 1 [‘ Ara cf. tricolor ’]). For archaeological records see Jiménez & Orihuela (2021: 171–172). For a summary of its distribution in historical times, natural history, taxonomy, phylogenetic position and skin specimens in collections, see Wiley & Kirwan (2013), Hume (2017), Johansson et al. (2018), Provost et al. (2018) and Kirkconnell et al. (2020).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Psittacidae
- Genus
- Ara
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Psittaciformes
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Scientific name authorship
- Bechstein, Proximal
- Species
- tricolor
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Ara tricolor Bechstein, 1811 sec. Suárez, 2022
References
- Bechstein, U. 1811. Johann Lathams allgemeine Uebersicht der Vogel, Bd. 4. A. C. Weigels & Schneiders, Nurnberg.
- d'Aubenton, E. - L. 1779. Planches enluminees d'histoire naturelle, vol. 7. Paris.
- Levaillant, F. O. 1801 - 05. Histoire naturelle des perroquets, 2 vols. Levrault freres & Levrault, Schoell & Co. Paris.
- Vieillot, L. P. 1816 - 19. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle appliquee aux arts, vol. 2. Second edn. Paris.
- Kuhl, H. 1820. Conspectus Psittacorum. Nova Acta Phys. - Med. 10: 1 - 104.
- Wagler, J. G. 1832. Monographia Psittacorum. Abh. Math. - phys. Kl. Konig. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: 464 - 750.
- Brehm, C. L. 1842 - 55. Monographie der Papageien. August Schmid, Jena.
- Wetherbee, D. K. 1985. The extinct Cuban and Hispaniolan macaws (Ara, Psittacidae), and description of a new species, Ara cubensis. Carib. J. Sci. 21: 169 - 175.
- Kirkconnell, A., Kirwan, G. M., Garrido, O. H., Mitchell, A. D. & Wiley, J. W. 2020. The birds of Cuba: an annotated checklist. BOC Checklist No. 26. British Ornithologists' Club, Tring.
- Olson, S. L. & Suarez, W. 2008 b. A fossil cranium of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Aves: Psittacidae) from Villa Clara province, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 44: 287 - 290.
- Arredondo, O. 1984. Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depositos fosiliferos pleisto-holocenicos de Cuba. Rep. Invest. Inst. Zool. 17: 1 - 35.
- Wetmore, A. 1928. Bones of birds from the Ciego Montero deposit of Cuba. Amer. Mus. Novit. 301: 1 - 5.
- Arredondo, O. & Arredondo, C. 2002 a [for 1999]. Nuevos genero y especie de ave fosil (Falconiformes: Accipitridae) del Cuaternario de Cuba. Poeyana 470 - 475: 9 - 14.
- Kulp, J. L., Tryon, L. E., Eckelman, W. R. & Snell, W. A. 1952. Lamont natural radiocarbon measurements, II. Science 116 (3016): 409 - 414.
- Arredondo, O. & Arredondo, C. 2002 b [for 1999]. Nueva especie de ave (Falconiformes: Teratornithidae) del Pleistoceno de Cuba. Poeyana 470 - 475: 15 - 21.
- Steadman, D. W. & Franklin, J. 2020. Bird populations and species lost to Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact in the Bahamas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117: 26833 - 26841.
- Jimenez, O. & Orihuela, J. 2021. Nuevos hallazgos de aves en contextos paleontologicos y arqueologicos de Cuba. Novit. Carib. 17: 163 - 176.
- Wiley, J. W. & Kirwan, G. M. 2013. The extinct macaws of the West Indies, with special reference to Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 133: 125 - 156.
- Hume, J. P. 2017. Extinct birds. Second edn. Bloomsbury, London.
- Johansson, U. S., Ericson, P. G. P., Blom, M. P. K. & Irestedt, M. 2018. The phylogenetic position of the extinct Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Ibis 160: 666 - 672.
- Provost, K. L., Joseph, L. & Smith, B. T. 2018. Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation. Emu - Austral Orn. 118: 7 - 21.