Onitis falcatus
Authors/Creators
- 1. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P. O., Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.
Description
Onitis falcatus (Wulfen, 1786)
Figs 5F, 6H, 18
Scarabaeus falcatus Wulfen, 1786: 14 (original description).
Onitishimaleyicus Redtenbacher, 1844: 518 (synonym).
Onitis kiuchii Masumoto 1995: 88 (synonym).
Onitisfalcatus – Lansberge 1875: 126 (monograph). — Boucomont & Gillet: 1921: 17 (distribution). — Arrow 1931: 392 (key and description). — Balthasar 1935: 93 (monograph); 1963: 33 (monograph). — Janssens 1937: 44 (revision). — Paulian 1945: 142 (revision). — Biswas & Chatterjee 1985: 158 (distribution); 1991: 260 (distribution). — Chandra 2000: 360 (distribution); 2005: 150 (distribution). — Mittal 2005: 46 (list). — Rajan 2006: 108 (key, distribution). — Bezděk & Krell 2006: 159 (distribution). — Chandra & Ahirwar 2007: 276 (distributional). — Sewak 2009a: 36 (diagnosis, distribution); 2009b: 58 (diagnosis and distribution). — Singh et al. 2010: 1395 (distribution). — Sabu et al. 2011: 34 (list). — Chandra et al. 2012a: 52 (distribution). — Karimbumkara & Rajan 2013: 174 (distribution). — Gupta et al. 2015: 1037 (checklist). — Bezděk 2016: 179 (distribution). — Ghosh et al. 2020 (distribution). — Schoolmeesters 2022 (online catalogue).
Differential diagnosis
Onitisfalcatus is similar to O. excavatus in having a minutely punctured pronotum but differs in the nature of rugosity on the clypeus, the presence of longitudinal groove on the pronotum and also in the shape of the body. (Also see remarks under Onitisexcavatus.)
Type material examined
Syntypes (2 specimens)
INDIA • 2 ♀♀; “ O. himaleyicus; TYPUS (Red card); Hugel: 170; Himaleyicus K. Redt. ”; Kashmir; specimen number not assigned; NHMW.
Additional material examined (125 specimens)
INDIA • ♂, ♀; “ Darjiling, Singla, 1500 ft, Lord Carmichael’s collection, May 1913 ”; ZSIM • 27 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀; Karnataka, BRT Tiger Reserve: Gombegallu evergreen forest; 6 Jun. 1999; 11°55ʹ54.6 N, 77°11ʹ3.48″ E; AIMB / Co/Sc1000064 to 1000106 • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Karnataka, BRT Tiger Reserve: Kanneri moist deciduous forest; 28 May 1999; 11°53ʹ43.62″ N, 77°8ʹ9.48″ E; open cow dung bait traps; Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000107 to 1000117 • ♀; Karnataka, BRT Tiger Reserve: Purani dry deciduous forest; 18 May 1999; 12°1ʹ55.2″ N, 77°7ʹ52.68″E; open cow dung bait traps; Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000118 • 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Karnataka, BRT Tiger Reserve: Honnametti Shola; Apr. 1998; 11°53ʹ26.52″ N, 77°12ʹ4.98″ E; open cow dung bait traps; Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000119 to 1000134 • 13 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Karnataka, BRT Tiger Reserve: Gummane Shola; May 1998; 12°1ʹ10.2″ N, 77°10ʹ30.66″ E; open cow dung bait traps; Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000135 to 1000152 • 2 ♂♂, ♀; Kerala, Wayanad, arecanut plantation; 14 Nov. 2010; open cow dung bait trap; Nisha, P. V. leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000153 to 1000155 • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Kerala, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, grassland; 8 May 2009; 08°51ʹ41.8ʺ N, 77°08ʹ00.5ʺ E; open cow dung bait traps; Kishore A. leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000156 to 1000162 • ♂, ♀; Kerala, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, degraded forests; 3 Dec. 2009; 08°55ʹ05.6ʺ N, 77°05ʹ44.7ʺ E; open cow dung bait traps; Kishore A. leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000163 to 1000164 • ♂, Kerala, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, rubber plantation; 5 May 2009; 08°51ʹ41.8ʺ N, 77°08ʹ00.5ʺ E; open cow dung bait traps; Kishore A. leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000165 • ♀; Kerala, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, teak plantations; 8 Oct. 2008; open cow dung bait traps; Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000166 • ♀; Mizoram, Pasighat, Kawlbem, Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary; 23°52ʹ16.6404ʺ N, 93°18ʹ22.2408ʺ E; elev. 1500 m a.s.l.; 14 Apr. 2019; cow dung baited pitfall trap; Harsha Malhotra and team leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000167 • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Arunachal Pradesh, agricultural field, Rani Village; 27°58ʹ10.6068ʺ N, 95°19ʹ26.1156ʺ E; elev. 131 m a.s.l.; 30 Sep. 2018; hand-picked from cow dung; Harsha Malhotra and team leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000168 to 1000175 • ♂, ♀; Arunachal Pradesh, community forest, Pasighat, Rani Village; 27°58ʹ9.0156ʺ N, 95°19ʹ18.9804ʺ E; elev. 133 m a.s.l.; 30 Sep. 2018; cow dung baited pitfall trap; Harsha Malhotra and team leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000176 to 1000177 • ♂; Arunachal Pradesh, Darak / Larmuk Pottom forest, West Siang; 28°12ʹ12.6576ʺ N, 94°35ʹ45.546ʺ E; elev. 434 m a.s.l.; 18 Nov. 2019, mithun dung baited pitfall; Harsha Malhotra and team leg.; AIMB / Co/ Sc1000178 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Arunachal Pradesh, Kaying forest, West Siang; 15 Nov. 2019; cow dung, Harsha Malhotra and team leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000179 to 1000183 • ♀; Nagaland, Bongkolong village, near Intanki National Park, open ground; 15 Apr. 2021; hand-picked from cow dung; Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara leg.; AIMB / Co/Sc1000184.
MALAYSIA • ♀; “ PERAK, F.M.S., Sep. 1907, Coll.; Ex. F.M.S. Museum., B.M. 1955–354; Onitis falcatus J. Gillet det. Wulf. 1923, S.E. Asia ”; BMNH (E) 1237166.
Description
MEASUREMENTS: TL: 16–23 mm; BW: 8–12 mm.
Male
Black, smooth, shining; clypeus elliptical, feebly excised in middle, moderately closely, finely rugulose; frontal carina widely interrupted, a short clypeal carina; pronotum finely and sparsely punctured without a median groove; elytra finely striate, 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th intervals raised, striae very shallow, irregular punctures on sutural intervals; pygidium opaque, smooth, unpunctured; metasternal shield smooth, feebly punctured, hairy anteriorly; protibia elongate with two or three minute teeth before the middle of the lower surface, a sharp incurved terminal process, a minute tooth near the end of the lower edge of the mesofemur.
AEDEAGUS (in mm) (Fig. 6E–H). LP= 2, Lp=1.75; BP=1, BpB =0.5, BpT=0.25. Parameres shorter than phallobase, straight above and slightly curved below and hooked at the tip.
Female
Pronotum with stronger punctures; protibia uniformly curved with an articulated spur at the tip.
Distribution
India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, West Bengal. Other countries: Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; China; Laos; Myanmar; Malay Peninsula; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam (Biswas & Chatterjee 1985; Chandra 2000; Mittal 2005; Rajan 2006; Bezděk & Krell 2006; Chandra & Ahirwar 2007; Sewak 2009a, 2009b; Singh et al. 2010; Sabu et al. 2011; Chandra et al. 2012a; Karimbumkara & Rajan 2013; Gupta et al. 2015; Bezděk 2016; Ghosh et al. 2020; Schoolmeesters 2022).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- AIMB , BMNH , NHMW , ZSIM
- Material sample ID
- (E) 1237166 , Co/ Sc1000178 , Co/Sc1000064, Co/Sc1000065, Co/Sc1000066, Co/Sc1000067, Co/Sc1000068, Co/Sc1000069, Co/Sc1000070, Co/Sc1000071, Co/Sc1000072, Co/Sc1000073, Co/Sc1000074, Co/Sc1000075, Co/Sc1000076, Co/Sc1000077, Co/Sc1000078, Co/Sc1000079, Co/Sc1000080, Co/Sc1000081, Co/Sc1000082, Co/Sc1000083, Co/Sc1000084, Co/Sc1000085, Co/Sc1000086, Co/Sc1000087, Co/Sc1000088, Co/Sc1000089, Co/Sc1000090, Co/Sc1000091, Co/Sc1000092, Co/Sc1000093, Co/Sc1000094, Co/Sc1000095, Co/Sc1000096, Co/Sc1000097, Co/Sc1000098, Co/Sc1000099, Co/Sc1000100, Co/Sc1000101, Co/Sc1000102, Co/Sc1000103, Co/Sc1000104, Co/Sc1000105, Co/Sc1000106 , Co/Sc1000107, Co/Sc1000108, Co/Sc1000109, Co/Sc1000110, Co/Sc1000111, Co/Sc1000112, Co/Sc1000113, Co/Sc1000114, Co/Sc1000115, Co/Sc1000116, Co/Sc1000117 , Co/Sc1000118 , Co/Sc1000119, Co/Sc1000120, Co/Sc1000121, Co/Sc1000122, Co/Sc1000123, Co/Sc1000124, Co/Sc1000125, Co/Sc1000126, Co/Sc1000127, Co/Sc1000128, Co/Sc1000129, Co/Sc1000130, Co/Sc1000131, Co/Sc1000132, Co/Sc1000133, Co/Sc1000134 , Co/Sc1000135, Co/Sc1000136, Co/Sc1000137, Co/Sc1000138, Co/Sc1000139, Co/Sc1000140, Co/Sc1000141, Co/Sc1000142, Co/Sc1000143, Co/Sc1000144, Co/Sc1000145, Co/Sc1000146, Co/Sc1000147, Co/Sc1000148, Co/Sc1000149, Co/Sc1000150, Co/Sc1000151, Co/Sc1000152 , Co/Sc1000153, Co/Sc1000154, Co/Sc1000155 , Co/Sc1000156, Co/Sc1000157, Co/Sc1000158, Co/Sc1000159, Co/Sc1000160, Co/Sc1000161, Co/Sc1000162 , Co/Sc1000163, Co/Sc1000164 , Co/Sc1000165 , Co/Sc1000166 , Co/Sc1000167 , Co/Sc1000168, Co/Sc1000169, Co/Sc1000170, Co/Sc1000171, Co/Sc1000172, Co/Sc1000173, Co/Sc1000174, Co/Sc1000175 , Co/Sc1000176, Co/Sc1000177 , Co/Sc1000179, Co/Sc1000180, Co/Sc1000181, Co/Sc1000182, Co/Sc1000183 , Co/Sc1000184
- Event date
- 1999-05-18 , 1999-05-28 , 1999-06-06 , 2008-10-08 , 2009-05-05 , 2009-05-08 , 2009-12-03 , 2010-11-14 , 2018-09-30 , 2019-04-14 , 2019-11-15 , 2019-11-18 , 2021-04-15
- Verbatim event date
- 1999-05-18 , 1999-05-28 , 1999-06-06 , 2008-10-08 , 2009-05-05 , 2009-05-08 , 2009-12-03 , 2010-11-14 , 2018-09-30 , 2019-04-14 , 2019-11-15 , 2019-11-18 , 2021-04-15
- Scientific name authorship
- Wulfen
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Order
- Coleoptera
- Family
- Scarabaeidae
- Genus
- Onitis
- Species
- falcatus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- syntype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Onitis falcatus (Wulfen, 1786) sec. Karimbumkara & Priyadarsanan, 2024
References
- Wulfen X. 1786. Descriptiones quorumdam Capensium insectorum. Sumptu Wolfgangi Waltheri, Erlangen.
- Masumoto, K. 1995. Coprophagid-beetles from Northwest Thailand (X) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). The Entomological Review of Japan 50 (2): 87 - 94. https: // archive. org / details / entomologicalreviewofjapan 19960050002 / page / n 16
- Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 11 (2): 1 - 200.
- Arrow G. J. 1931. The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Coleoptera Lamellicornia Part III, (Coprinae). Taylor & Francis, London.
- Balthasar V. 1935. Scarabaeidae des palaarktischen Faunengebietes. Monographische Bestimmungstabelle. I. Coprinae I. Teil. Scarabaeini, Sisyphini, Panelini, Coprini, Onitini, Oniticellini. Edm. Reitter's Nachf. Emmerich Reitter, Troppau.
- Janssens A. 1937. Revision des Onitides. Deuxieme serie, fascicule 11. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Brussels 11 (2).
- Paulian R. 1945. Faune de l'empire francais: Coleopteres Scarabeides de l'Indochine, Vol. III: 1 - 227. Librairie Larose, Paris.
- Biswas S. & Chatterjee S. K. 1985. Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh (Special Issue), 82 (1 - 4): 147 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 82 / i 1 - 4 / 1984 / 161291
- Chandra K. 2000. Inventory of scarabaeid beetles (Coleoptera) from Madhya Pradesh India. Zoos' Print Journal 15 (11): 359 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 15.11.359 - 62
- Mittal I. C. 2005. Diversity and conservation status of dung beetles (Laparosticti: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) in North India. Bulletin of National Institute of Ecology 15: 43 - 51.
- Rajan P. D. 2006. Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae (dung beetles). Zoological Survey of India. Fauna of Bilgiri Rangaswamy Tiger Wildlife Sanctuary, Conservation Area Series 27: 91 - 135.
- Bezdek A. & Krell F. - T. 2006. Tribe Onitini. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. 158 - 159. Apollo Books, Stenstrup.
- Chandra K. & Ahirwar S. C. 2007. Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (Including Chhattisgarh), State Fauna Series 15 (Part 1): 273 - 300.
- Sewak R. 2009 a. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae) of Thar desert of Gujarat. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occassional Paper No 295: 1 - 48.
- Sabu T. K., Nithya S. & Vinod K. V. 2011. Faunal survey, endemism and possible species loss of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the western slopes of the moist South Western Ghats, South India. Zootaxa 2830: 29 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / ZOOTAXA. 2830.1.3
- Karimbumkara S. N. & Rajan P. D. 2013. Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, Dung Beetles. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Karnataka, State Fauna Series 21: 173 - 178.
- Gupta D., Chandra K. & Khan S. 2015. Studies on Tribe Onitini (Scarabaeinae: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) from Madhya Pradesh with a Checklist from India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences volume 87: 1025 - 1039. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 40011 - 015 - 0676 - 9
- Bezdek A. 2016. Scarabaeidae, subfamily Scarabaeinae, tribe Onitini. In: Lobl I. & Lobl D. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 3. Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition: 177 - 180. Brill, Leiden, Boston.
- Ghosh J., Das, P., Ghosh S. K., Bhunia D., Kushwaha R. K., Gupta D., & Chandra K. 2020. Insecta: Coleoptera. Zoological Survey of India, Fauna of Haryana, State Fauna Series 24: 221 - 275.
- Schoolmeesters P. 2022. Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database. In: Banki O., Roskov Y., Doring M., Ower G., Hernandez Robles D. R., Plata Corredor C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen T., Orn A., Vandepitte L., Hobern D., Schalk P., DeWalt R. E., Ma K., Miller J., Orrell T., Aalbu R., Abbott J., Adlard R., C. Aedo C. et al. (Version 2024 - 03 - 05). https: // doi. org / 10.48580 / dfz 6 w- 38 g
- Sewak R. 2009 b. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae) of Rajasthan. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occassional Paper No 296: 1 - 106.