Coprinellus marculentus Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo

(Figure 2, f–k)

Closed pileus initially subglobose, becoming ellipsoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid, 13–14 × 9–11 mm, ochraceous to rust brown in the center, becoming lighter towards the margin, light brown to amber and finally ochraceous yellow to luteous near the margin, extending radially to the edge. Expanded pileus convex-campanulate, 22–27 mm in diameter, bluish gray, slightly umbonate, reddish brown at the center, with smooth, setulose surface and wavy to crenulated edge. Veil absent. Lamellae free, initially whitish, finally dark gray to black with the maturation of basidia and basidiospores. Stipe central, cylindrical, hollow, pubescent, setulose, whitish to pinkish, 50–90 mm long, 1.5–2 mm in diameter. Ring absent. Volva absent. Pileipellis formed by globose sphaerocysts, 35–40 μm in diameter. Pileocystidia up to 110 mm in length, setulose, located mainly in the center of the pileus, lageniform, slightly capitate, 10–15 μm at the proximal end, tapering to 5–10 μm near the distal end, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia globose to ellipsoid, 45–50 × 15–27.5 μm, usually collapsing in mounting, hyaline, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia not observed. Clamp connections present. Basidia 4-spored, club-shaped, surrounded by hyphidial elements. Basidiospores hexagonal in frontal view, irregular in side view, smooth, reddish brown to dark brown, 10.8–15 × 6.5–7.5 μm, thick-walled, with an eccentric germ pore.

Material examined: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco, Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), Caruaru, on cattle dung, 09 Apr 2012, R.F. R. Melo (URM86795); Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), Serra Talhada, on horse dung, 24 Oct 2011, R.F. R. Melo (URM86796); Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, on cattle dung, 03 Feb 2013, R.F. R. Melo (URM86797!).

Distribution: —Europe (England, Italy, Netherlands, Serbia, Sweden). This is the first record from Brazil.

Notes: — Coprinellus marculentus has key morphological characteristics that aid in its identification such as the naked pileus (devoid of veil remnants), which is setulose since the beginning of stipe elongation, globose sphaerocysts, as well as hexagonal basidiospores in frontal view. Coprinopsis cothurnata also has hexagonal basidiospores, differing by the non-setulose pileus, the presence of veil remnants composed of subglobose elements interspersed with conspicuous crystals and by the larger basidiomata.