Genetic Diversity Analysis for Seed Yield and its Related Components in Genotype of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

This study investigates the genetic diversity of 150 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes, including modern cultivars, landraces, and wild relatives, to assess their potential for improving seed yield and related traits. Using morphological and molecular markers (SSR and SNP), we quantified the genetic variation among the genotypes, revealing substantial diversity with polymorphism levels of 90% for SSR markers and 85% for SNP markers. Key yield components such as the number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight (TKW), and grain filling duration were analysed, showing significant variation across genotypes. Positive correlations were found between genetic diversity indices and yield components, indicating that higher genetic diversity contributes to improved yield traits. Cluster and principal component analyses further highlighted distinct genetic groups, each with unique yield potentials and adaptability, underscoring the importance of utilizing diverse genetic materials in breeding programs. Our findings emphasize the need to conserve and incorporate genetic diversity into wheat breeding to develop high-yielding, stress-resilient varieties. This research provides valuable insights for breeders aiming to enhance wheat productivity and adaptability in the face of climate change and growing global food demand.