Transformations of High Mountain Pastoral Strategies in the Pamirian Knot

Mountain pastoralism in the Pamirian Knot has been significantly transformed from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. The development path has depended on spheres of influence of dominating powers and affiliation to mighty neighbours and, subsequently, to parties in the Cold War. Significant interventions that led to structural changes can be societal transformations, such as those that happened in the Emirate of Bokhara–Tsarist Russia–Soviet Union–Tajikistan sequence, as well as in the framework of establishing Afghan dominance in Badakhshan, in post-revolutionary interventions in Chinese Xinjiang or in the integration of Karakoram communities in the newly created nation-state of Pakistan.