A non-symmetric Gaussian wake model for lateral wake-to-wake interactions

In this paper, we propose a new non-symmetric Gaussian wake model, which allows
for different lateral expansions on the two sides of a wake to account for its interaction with
neighbouring wakes. The proposed model is formulated following classical speed-deficit
assumptions and momentum conservation. Departing from the existing literature, a nonsymmetric
Gaussian function is used to represent the velocity deficit in the wake. Accordingly,
different wake expansions are assumed on the two sides of the wake, each expressed as a function
of the locally prevailing turbulence intensity. The model considers that wake-added turbulence
changes with downstream distance; hence, the turbulence intensity on a wake-immersed side of
the wake is location dependent. The new model is compared to LES-ALM numerical simulations
of three turbines in partial wake overlap. The free parameters of the model describing the wake
development are tuned based on the CFD results. Results indicate that the new model provides
for a very good agreement of the velocity profiles at different downstream positions, generating
an improved representation of merging wakes and their downstream development.