Fig. 9 Examples of putative ecomorphological convergence of Ponto-Caspian and distantly related oceanic taxa. PontoCaspian species are shown with a green star. (a) Symbiotic ecomorph adapted to piercing various organic substrates (redrawn from Derzhavin (1948) and Lorz et al. (2010)), (b) digger ecomorph adapted for digging and burrowing in fine substrates (redrawn from Sars (1895) and Barnard (1967)), (c) clinger ecomorph adapted to cling on algal and vegetal substrates (redrawn from Sars (1896)) and (d) crawler ecomorph adapted to a generalist lifestyle, usually hiding in coarse stony substrates (redrawn from Sars (1896) and Garcia-Madrigal (2010)). The phylogenetic tree is a timecalibrated molecular phylogeny of Amphipoda modified after CopilaȘ-Ciocianu et al. (2020a)