Fig 5 Mating behavior of Dianemobius csikii. A. Male emitting the calling song. B. When a part of the female body touches that of the male, the male emits the courtship song. The female stays by the male during the courtship song. All males (40 individuals) emitted a courtship song when approached by a female. C. Approximately 25 min after the male begins to produce the courtship song, most males (34/40 = 85%) switched to the trill song. Only one male (1/34 = 2.9%) copulated without production of the trill song. D. The female mounts and copulates with the male approximately 20 s after the beginning of the trill song. All females (34 individuals) mounted the male when the male emitted the trill song (although only one male failed to pass the spermatophore). E. When copulation ended, the female dismounts and leaves the male. Illustrations by Yu Hirayama.