Charinidae Quintero 1986
Authors/Creators
Description
Node Calibrated. Divergence between the total clades Ungaliophiinae (Ungaliophis + Exiliboa) sensu Pyron et al. (2014) and total clade Charininae (Charina + Lichanura) sensu Pyron et al. (2014).
Fossil Taxon. Calamagras weigeli.
Specimen. PTRM 19607, caudal vertebra.
Additional Materials. 19609, 19681, caudal vertebrae.
Phylogenetic Justification. Caudal vertebrae lacking paired haemapophyses, haemal keels present. This morphology is only present in Ungaliophis and Exiliboa among extant taxa (Smith, 2013).
Minimum Age. 35.2 Ma.
Soft Maximum Age. Indeterminate.
Age Justification. Minimum age is based on faunal correlation of Medicine Pole Hills fossil localities (Bowman County, North Dakota) with Flagstaff Rim localities (Natrona County, Wyoming), which are overlain by an ash layer (Ash B) that is 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dated at 35.41 ± 0.14 Ma (Obradovich et al., 1995). Smith (2011) recalculated the minimum estimate for the Medicine Pole Hills local fauna at 35.2 Ma.
Discussion. Numerous fossil taxa have been described as ungaliophiines, either explicitly as related to (Ungaliophis + Exiliboa) (e.g., Rage, 2008), or as part of a “ Tropidophiidae ” (Szyndlar et al., 2008) that is not supported by either morphological (Zaher, 1994) or molecular data (e.g., Wilcox et al., 2002). As noted by Smith (2013), the only fossil record that is united with (Ungaliophis + Exiliboa) on the basis of discrete apomorphies consists of isolated cloacal vertebrae assigned to Calamagras. Generic assignment of isolated vertebrae to Calamagras is problematic in that the generic and specific diagnoses for the taxon are do not include unique apomorphies or character combinations relative to other coeval, fossils, and are redundant with each other as described (Holman, 2000). Referral to Calamagras is tentatively followed here, but until the taxonomy and systematics of the genus can be unambiguously resolved, the record described in Smith (2013) must be used as the minimum divergence timing for the total clade, and stratigraphically older records of the genus (e.g., Hecht, 1959; Rage, 1977; Danilov and Averianov, 1999) should not be cited. Usage of Charinidae follows Pyron et al. (2014).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.26879/487 (DOI)
- Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/13311383 (URL)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/3A3EFFB44E61FFDA747A87023A5BFF92 (URL)
- Is source of
- https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/C60787CC4E66FFD2705A86AA3B4EFECD (URL)
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Quintero
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Order
- Amblypygi
- Family
- Charinidae
- Taxon rank
- family
- Taxonomic concept label
- Charinidae Quintero, 1986 sec. Head, 2015
References
- Pyron, R. A., Reynolds, R. G., and Burbrink, F. T. 2014. A taxonomic revision of boas (Serpentes: Boidae). Zootaxa, 3846: 249 - 260.
- Smith, K. T. 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of Erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 252: 157 - 182.
- Obradovich, J. D., Evanoff, E., and Larson, E. E. 1995. Revised single-crystal laser-fusion 40 Ar / 39 Ar ages of Chadronian tuffs in the White River Formation of Wyoming. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 27: 77 - 78.
- Smith, K. T. 2011. The evolution of mid-latitude faunas during the Eocene: late Eocene lizards of the Medicine Pole Hills reconsidered. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 52: 3 - 105.
- Rage, J. - C. 2008. Fossil snakes from the Paleocene of Sao Jose de Itaborai, Brazil. Part III. Ungaliophiinae, boids incertae sedis, and Caenophidia. Summary, update, and discussion of the snake fauna from the locality. Palaeovertebrata, 36: 37 - 73.
- Szyndlar, Z., Smith, R., and Rage, J. - C. 2008. A new dwarf boa (Serpentes, Booidea, " Tropidophiidae ") from the Early Oligocene of Belgium: a case of the isolation of Western European snake faunas. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 152: 393 - 406.
- Zaher, H. 1994. Les Tropidopheoidea (Serpentes; Alethinophidia) sont-ils reellement monophyletiques? Arguments en faveur de leur polyphyletisme. Comptes Rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), Sciences de la vie, 317: 471 - 478.
- Wilcox, T. P., Zwickl, D. J., Heath, T. A., and Hillis, D. M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of the dwarf boas and a comparison of Bayesian and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25: 361 - 371.
- Holman, J. A. 2000. The fossil snakes of North America. Indiana University Press, Indianapolis.
- Hecht, M. K. 1959. Amphibians and Reptiles 130 - 146. In McGrew, P. O. (ed.), The geology and paleontology of the Elk Mountain and Tabernacle Butte area, Wyoming. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 117: 1 - 176.
- Rage, J. - C. 1977. An erycine snake (Boidae) of the genus Calamagras from the French lower Eocene, with comments on the phylogeny of the Erycinae. Herpetologica, 33: 459 - 463.
- Danilov, I. G. and Averianov, A. O. 1999. A new species of Calamagras Cope 1873 (Serpentes, Boidae, Erycinae) from the early Eocene of Kirghizia. Geodiversitas, 21: 85 - 91.