Diclidophlebia Crawford, 1919

Heteroneura Crawford 1919: 152; nec Fallén 1810: 7, 25.

Type species: Heteroneura oceanica Crawford, 1919, by original designation and monotypy.

Diclidophlebia Crawford 1920: 355; replacement name for Heteroneura Crawford nec Fallén.

=Gyroza Enderlein 1921: 122; replacement name for Heteroneura Crawford nec Fallén. Objective junior synonym of Diclidophlebia.

= Paraphalaroida Loginova 1972: 851.

Type species: Paurocephala fremontiae Klyver, 1930, by original designation. Synonymized by Burckhardt and Mifsud 2003: 12.

= Sinuonemopsylla Li and Yang 1991: 11.

Type species: Sinuonemopsylla excetrodendri Li and Yang, 1991, by original description and monotypy. Synonymized by Burckhardt and Mifsud 2003: 12.

Diagnosis: Adult. Head, in lateral view, deflexed 45–90° from longitudinal axis of body (Fig. 1F); in dorsal view, moderately transverse, slightly or much narrower than thorax. Vertex rhomboidal to almost subrectangular; covered in imbricate microsculpture, sometimes much reduced on disc or smooth; passing smoothly into genae anteriorly; coronal suture ranging from fully developed to completely absent; genae weakly produced ventrally but not enlarged into processes; frons widely trapezoidal; median ocellus visible in perpendicular view to vertex; compound eyes, in dorsal view, hemispherical, adpressed to head. Clypeus pear-shaped, large, rounded ventrally, well-visible in lateral view or slightly hidden by genae. Antenna 10-segmented, distinctly longer than head width; flagellum with simple setae; segment 3 longest, shorter than segments 4–5 together; segments 4, 6, 8, and 9 bearing each a subapical rhinarium lacking marginal spines. Thorax moderately slender to massive; dorsal outline, in lateral view, weakly to strongly curved. Pronotum, in dorsal view, weakly curved posteriad laterally; propleurites narrowly subrectangular, divided by perpendicular suture into larger epimeron and smaller episternum. Metapostnotum with laterally compressed tooth, but small in D. leptonychiae. Mesosternum usually narrower, rarely wider (e.g. D. eastopi) than head, forming transverse band more than three times as wide as long laterally; anterior margin weakly concave; pleurosternal suture not visible; basisternum indistinct; katepisternum small antero-laterally, not bent dorsad laterally; trochantins in obtuse angle to each other. Pro- and mesotibiae cylindrical or robust and flattened (D. eastopi, D. leptonychiae, D. oceanica). Metacoxa with blunt or subacute horn-shaped meracanthus. Metafemur with the three ventral sense organs in medial or submedial position (Fig. 6F–H); apex with a group of stout long setae. Metatibia longer than metafemur, slightly widened apically; bearing 4–11 irregularly spaced to distinctly grouped apical sclerotized spurs that may be on raised processes, without unsclerotized bristle-like setae (Fig. 7E, F). Both metatarsal segments relatively short, subequal in length. Forewing oval to oblong-oval; widest in the middle, 1.8–2.5 times as long as wide, membranous or subcoriaceous; vein C + Sc almost straight to strongly convex, widened, indistinctly delimited from cell; costal break developed, close apex of vein R 1; pterostigma wide, coriaceous basally, membranous apically (Fig. 8B); nodal line sometimes developed; veins R and M + Cu usually subequal, sometimes vein R slightly shorter than M + Cu; vein Rs almost straight, strongly curved or convoluted; vein M shorter or longer than M 1 + 2; veins M 1 + 2, M 3 + 4 and Cu 1a variable; anal break adjacent to apex of vein Cu 1b; surface spinules fine, spaced or dense, present in all cells. Hindwing slightly shorter than forewing; with two to four costal setae proximal to costal break and 6–18 irregularly spaced setae distal to costal break (Fig. 8I); vein R + M + Cu bifurcating into R and M + Cu. Abdominal base with a sclerotized area on either side covered in spines (Fig. 8N). Aedeagus with simple proximal portion subapically bearing many weak folds or subdivided; apex of distal portion differentiated from stem (Fig. 9C). Female subgenital plate lacking long apical process.

Last instar immature. Antenna nine segments; bearing sectasetae or lanceolate setae on antennal flagellum. Mid- and hindlegs without massive peg-like setae. Dorsal body surface bearing minute clavate setae. Precaudal abdominal tergites usually lacking densely spaced simple setae or sectasetae. Anus in terminal position; usually with additional pore fields developed.

Comments: Polyphyletic in the molecular analyses (Fig. 10; Supporting Information, File S4), although the genus as delimited here is recovered in the morphological analysis supported by one synapomorphy (Fig. 11). This concept of Diclidophlebia is much more restricted compared to that of Burckhardt and Mifsud (2003) who included species now referred to Diclidophlebia s.s., Haplaphalara, Klyveria, Melanastera, and Woldaia. Included species, distribution, and host plants are summarized in Table 3 and Supporting Information, File S3.