Fig. 6 in New dental elements of the oldest proviverrine mammal from the early Eocene of Southern France support possible African origin of the subfamily

Fig. 6. Comparison of phylogenetic trees and of the three hypotheses of hyaenodont origin and dispersals with focus on the Sinopinae and Proviverrinae. A. African origin with subsequent dispersals of the Sinopinae and Proviverrinae into Europe, and of the Sinopinae from Europe to North America. A 1. The phylogenetic tree based on the cladistics analysis of Solé et al. (2014b). A 2. Faunal dispersals during the early Eocene based on the hypothesis of an African origin for the Hyaenodonta. B. Asian origin with subsequent dispersals of Sinopinae and Proviverrinae into Europe, and of Tinerhodon from Europe to Africa. B 1. The phylogenetic tree based on the cladistics analysis of Rana et al. (in press); the position of the Group A is variable—we represent only two of the four possible positions: the basal position implies two dispersal events from Laurasia to Africa, while the more inclusive position implies one single event. B 2. Faunal dispersals around the Paleocene–Eocene transition based on the hypothesis of an Asian origin for the Hyaenodonta. C. Multiregional origin with subsequent dispersals of the Sinopinae from Asia to North America through Europe, and of the Proviverrinae from Africa to Europe. C 1. The phylogenetic tree based on the abstract of Morlo et al. (2010). C 2. Faunal dispersals during the early Eocene based on the hypotheses of an Asian origin for the Sinopinae (Hyaenodontida) and of an African one for the Proviverrinae (Proviverroidea). The phylogeny of Rana et al. in press) is, however, consistent with either an African or an Asian origin for the Hyaenodonta; only the Asian origin is discussed here; the position of Tinerhodon in C 1 is our hypothesis because this taxon is not discussed by Morlo et al. (2010). Abbreviations: A, Africa; L, Laurasia. Bolded, taxa that mainly radiated in Africa; asterisks, paraphyletic subfamilies in Rana et al. (in press). A 2 –C 2 are adapted from Ron Blakey, Eocene, http://www2.nau. edu/rcb7/050Marect.jpg.