Fig. 4 in Hipparion macedonicum revisited: New data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the Late Miocene of Greece

Fig. 4. Principal component analysis of the skull (A), mandible (B), and third metatarsal (C) of the RPl small-sized hipparion in comparison with other small-sized forms of Eurasia, indicating its strong size-similarities with Hipparion macedonicum. As the available specimens are fragmentary, lacking measurements the mean cranial dimensions for each locality are used. The used variables (various measurements of the skull, mandible and MtIII) and their influence to the distinction of the specimens is given in the left part of the diagrams. The convex hulls indicate the allocation of the measurements in the space for its sample. Hipparion dietrichi, Hipparion mediterraneum, and Hipparion proboscideum or Hipparion cf. proboscideum are used as comparative samples. Hipparion macedonicum: 1, NKT; 2, NIK; 3, RZO; 4, PXM; 5, VATH; 6, PER. Hipparion matthewi: 7, Samos (unknown locality), holotype; 8, KTA-B. Hipparion cf. matthwei: 9, MTLA. Hipparion sithonis: 10, NIK. aff. Hipparion forstenae: 11, MTLA; 12, Samos Q1. Hipparion →