Design a Circularly Polarized Micro Strip Patch Antenna

A hybrid patch antenna featuring a reduced slot-loaded ground plane and a broadband "HEART" form is suggested in this article. A standard circular patch can be effectively upgraded to a "heart" shape by positioning two circular radiating pieces at key locations on the patch.Additionally, four rectangular inverted ‘L’ slots in the reduced ground plane enhance impedance matching across a wide frequency range. Two precisely positioned rectangular holes on the decreased ground plane allow for proper impedance matching over a variety of frequencies. These methods work together to introduce high-gain, low-profile, and broadband antenna designs. The electrical and physical dimensions of the proposed antenna are 0.266λ × 0.241λ × 0.0108λ and 29 mm × 32 mm × 1.6 mm, respectively. The wavelength of the minimum operational frequency is indicated by the symbol λ. With an impedance bandwidth of 5 GHz from (5 GHz to 17 GHz), the suggested antenna resonantly functions at 5 GHz, 10.7 GHz, 11.4 GHz, 14.1 GHz, 14.6 GHz, 15.3 GHz, 16.1 GHz, and 16.9 GHz frequencies. 100% fractional bandwidth, 3.6dBi peak gain, and stable enough E and H field patterns are attained at 5.5 GHz and 6.9 GHz. On the other hand, the design and simulation of the displayed antenna are done using HFSS software. The recommended antenna is designed using the low-cost FR-4  substrate (1.6 mm in height, 0.02 loss tangent, 4.4 dielectric constant).

            After that, it is investigated with a standard microwave measurement device. A wide range of frequency bands could find application for the proposed antenna, including WiMAX (3.4–3.6 GHz and 5.5 GHz), from 3.3 GHz to 4.2 GHz n77 frequency band, from 3.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz n78 frequency band, from 4.4 GHz to 5 GHz n79 frequency band, and from 5.08 GHz to 5.73 GHz Wireless local area network frequency band. It also covers the 5G-V2X band (3.3-5GHz) and LTE 46 band (5.15-5.925GHz), object placement, high-bandwidth communications, and short-range remote sensing.