Allopeas gracile
- 1. Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand & Department of Zoology, University of Yangon, University Avenue Road, Kamayut Township 11041, Yangon, Myanmar
- 2. Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK
- 3. Fauna and Flora International, No. 35, 3 rd Floor, Shan Gone Condo, Myay Ni Gone Market Street, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar
- 4. Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- 5. Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand & Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
Description
1
Allopeas gracile(Hutton, 1834)Fig. 3 A – D, Table 1
Bulimus (?) gracilis (?) Hutton, 1834: 84, 85, 93. Type locality: Mirzapoor, Futtehpoor Sikra, between Agra and Neemuch [Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh states, India].
Bulimus (Opeas) gracilis — Pfeiffer 1856: 156.
Stenogyra (Opeas) gracilis — von Martens 1860: 265. Pfeiffer and Clessin 1881: 321.
Spiraxis gracilis — Blanford 1861: 362.
Stenogyra gracilis — de Morgan 1885: 389, 390.
Opeas gracilis — Theobald 1878: 146. Godwin-Austen 1895: 443.
Opeas gracile — von Möllendorff 1894: 151. Pilsbry 1906: 125–132, pl. 18, figs 3–6. Gude 1914: 355–357. van Benthem Jutting 1952: 378–380.
Lamellaxis gracilis — van Benthem Jutting 1959: 131, 132.
Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracile — Solem 1966: 94.
Allopeas gracilis — Maassen 2001: 81, 82.
Allopeas gracile — Schileyko 2011: 9. Do and Do 2014: 452, fig. 1 a. Raheem et al. 2014: 117, 118, fig. 73 d – f. Inkhavilay et al. 2019: 50, fig. 21 a – c. Sutcharit et al. 2020 b: 19.
Type specimens.
Lectotype NHMUK 1856.9. 15.68 / 1 (Fig. 3 A) ex. Hutton collection from Mirzapore, designated in Raheem et al. (2014: 118). Paralectotypes NHMUK 1856.9. 15.68 / 2–11 (10 shells; Fig. 3 B).
Other material.
Limestone hills (Apache Cement Factory), Pyinyaung Village, Meiktila District, Mandalay Region, Myanmar (20 ° 49 ' 39.1 " N, 96 ° 23 ' 35.1 " E): CUMZ 13066 (8 shells; Fig. 3 C, D).
Description.
Shell conically elongated, narrow, translucent, glossy, pale yellowish colour, and with 7 ½ – 8 whorls. Apex blunt; protoconch ~ 2 whorls and smooth; subsequent whorls with obliquely more or less fine and crowded riblets. Spire gradually tapering; whorls flatly convex; suture wide and shallow; last whorl largest. Aperture high and oblong shape; peristome thin and columellar margin near umbilicus is little expanded; columella straight. Umbilicus narrowly opened.
Distribution.
Allopeas gracile is distributed worldwide in America, Africa, Europe, and Asia (Gude 1914; Horsák et al. 2020). In South Asia, it has been reported from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and all countries in Southeast Asia (van Benthem Jutting 1952; Panha 1998; Schileyko 2011; Do and Do 2014; Raheem et al. 2014; Budha et al. 2015; Foon et al. 2017; Inkhavilay et al. 2019; Nurinsiyah and Hausdorf 2019; Sutcharit et al. 2020 b).
This species was previously reported in Myanmar from several localities, including Kayin State, Mon State, Kachin State, Rakhine State, Yangon Region, and Bago Region (see Gude 1914) and presently in the Mandalay Region.
Remarks.
Our material from the Mandalay Region matches well with the type specimen of this species. Allopeas gracile is a globally distributed alien species introduced to numerous countries and exhibits significant variability in both size and shape, influenced by its expansive distribution range. This species is commonly found in public parks, irrigation areas, greenhouse environments, and residential campuses (Pilsbry 1906; Neubert and Bochud 2020; Kalita 2022).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- NHMUK
- Material sample ID
- NHMUK 1856.9
- Scientific name authorship
- Hutton
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Mollusca
- Order
- Stylommatophora
- Family
- Subulinidae
- Genus
- Allopeas
- Species
- gracile
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- lectotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834) sec. Man, Ablett, Lwin, Sutcharit & Panha, 2024
References
- Hutton T (1834) On the land shells of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3 (26): 81 - 93.
- Pfeiffer L (1856) Versuch einer Anordnung der Heliceen nach natürlichen Gruppen. Malakozoologische Blätter 2: 112–185. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53876
- von Martens E (1860) On the Mollusca of Siam. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28: 6–18. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12866504
- Pfeiffer L, Clessin S (1881) Nomenclator Heliceorum Viventium: quo continetur nomina omnium hujus familiae generum et specierum hodie cognitarum, disposita ex affinitate naturali. Kassel, Fischer, 617 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47266
- Blanford WT (1861) Contributions to Indian malacology, No. II. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 30 (4): 347–366. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207709
- de Morgan J (1885) Mollusques terrestes et fiuviatiles de Royaume de Perak et des pais voisins (presque'Ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 10: 353–429. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301
- Theobald W (1878) Notes on the land and freshwater shells of Kashmir, more particularly of the Jhilum valley below Srinagar and the hills north of Jammu. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 47 (2): 141–149.
- Godwin-Austen HH (1895) List and distribution of the Land- Mollusca of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with descriptions of some supposed new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 63 (30): 438–457. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30983429
- von Möllendorff OF (1894) On a collection of land-shells from the Samui Islands, Gulf of Siam. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 62: 146–156. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35990426
- Pilsbry HA (1906) [1906–1907] Manual of Conchology, Structural and Systematic, with Illustrations of the Species, Series 2, Pulmonata. Volume 18: Achatinidae: Stenogyrinae and Coeliaxinae. Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1–357. [pls 1–51] [pp 1–272, pls 1–34 (1906); pp 273–357, pls 35–51 (1907)] https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493 (1907) 35 % 3 C 357 a: LP % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2
- Gude GK (1914) Mollusca - II. Trochomorphidae - Janellidae. In: Shipley AE, Marshall GAK (Eds) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, 520 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12891
- van Benthem Jutting WSS (1952) Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Ind-Australian archipelago. Treubia 21: 291–435.
- van Benthem Jutting WSS (1959) Catalogue of the non-marine Mollusca of Sumatra and of its satellite islands. Beaufortia 7: 41–191.
- Solem A (1966) Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand. Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis 24: 1–110.
- Maassen WJM (2001) A preliminary checklist of the non-marine molluscs of West Malaysia. De Kreukel 2001: 1–155.
- Schileyko AA (2011) Checklist of land pulmonate molluscs of Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Ruthenica 21 (1): 1–68.
- Do DS, Do VN (2014) The land snail family Subulinidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Sonla, Vietnam, with description of two new species. Tapchi Sinh Hoc 36 (11): 451–459. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v36n4.6174
- Raheem DC, Taylor H, Ablett J, Preece RC, Aravind NA, Naggs F (2014) A systematic revision of the land snails of the Western Ghats of India. Tropical Natural History (Supplement 4): 1–294.
- Inkhavilay K, Sutcharit C, Bantaowong U, Chanabun R, Siriwut W, Srisonchai R, Pholyotha A, Jirapatrasilp P, Panha S (2019) Annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs from Laos (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 834: 1–166. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800
- Sutcharit C, Thach P, Chhuoy S, Ngor PB, Jeratthitikul E, Siriwut W, Panha S (2020 b) Annotated checklist of the land snail fauna from southern Cambodia (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 948: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.948.51671
- Horsák M, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2020) Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien Subulinine and Opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae). Malacologia 63 (1): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.063.0112
- Panha S (1998) A checklist and classification of the terrestrial pulmonate snails of Thailand. Walkerana 8 [1995–1996] (19): 31–40.
- Budha PB, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2015) Annotated checklist of the terrestrial gastropods of Nepal. ZooKeys 492: 1–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.492.9175
- Foon JK, Clements GR, Liew TS (2017) Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999
- Nurinsiyah AS, Hausdorf B (2019) Listing, impact assessment and prioritization of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia. The Journal of Molluscan Studies 85 (1): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyy062
- Neubert E, Bochud E (2020) The continental malacofauna of Arabia and adjacent areas, VII. The family Achatinidae (Coeliaxinae, Subulininae) in the Socotran Archipelago (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 31 (3): 655–676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-020-00920-y
- Kalita G (2022) Land snails of Guwahati, Assam, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 14 (9): 21845–21852. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.8019.14.9.21845-21852