The effect of PMU measurement delays on a linear state estimator: Centralized Vs decentralized

The integration of more GPS-synchronized measurement devices, such as the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), to the transmission level of the power system has set the foundations for the formulation of a real time, wide area monitoring system. In such a system, the delay of the measurements due to the communication infrastructure or the Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) functionalities could affect its real time response. In this paper the effect of measurement delays on an important tool of the future wide area monitoring system such as the state estimator, is examined. More particularly, the performance of the linear state estimator in the presence of measurement delays when it is implemented either in a distributed or a centralized formulation is investigated. The two formulations are applied to the IEEE 14-bus system, and the results are extensively discussed.