Histopathological Study of Thyroid Lesions and its Correlation with Cytopathology and Imaging from a Tertiary Care Center

Introduction: Thyroid diseases are major health problems in society, which are
manifested by alteration in hormone secretion, enlargement of the thyroid gland, or
both. This study was designed to evaluate different patterns of thyroid lesions in
surgically resected specimens and biopsies received at department of pathology and
correlate it with Fine needle aspiration cytology findings and radiology reporting. We
also evaluated discordant cases and analyzed them.Materials and Methods: 29 patients
with thyroid nodule who underwent thyroidectomy and biopsy taken for an
observational study from July2022 to June2023 at SMIMER Medical College, Surat.
Cytological findings and radiological imaging were correlated with histopathological
diagnosis. Patients who only underwent FNAC were excluded.
Results:Histocytological correlation was done in 29 cases, amongst them 21 benign
cases and 08 malignant lesions were diagnosed. The mean age of presentation of cases
was 40.4 years with male: female ratio of 1:8.67. Malignancy was diagnosed among
(66.67%) male and (23.08%) females. Histological patterns were nodular goiter
(44.83%), thyroglossal cyst (6.9%), thyroiditis (10.34%), adenoma (10.34%), (Non
Invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features) NIFTP
(10.34%), Hurthle cell carcinoma (3.45%), papillary carcinoma (13.8%). Concordance
and discordance was noted in 82.15%, 17.85% cases respectively with radiology and
cytology.Conclusion: Nodular goiter is most prevalent thyroid disease, while papillary
thyroid carcinoma is most frequent cancer seen in this study. Taking into consideration
of our study having discordant rate of 17.85% with radiology and cytology findings, we
conclude histopathology report as a gold standard method for diagnosis of thyroid
lesions.