Assessment of Bacteriological Spectrum of Sputum in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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Abstract (English)

Abstract
Aim: The study was carried out to find out the bacterial etiology in the course of disease and their drug sensitivity
pattern.
Methods: All hospitalized patients diagnosed with AECOPD admitted in the Department of Medicine,
Government medical College and Hospital, Madhepura, Bihar, India from September 2021 to August 2022 were
evaluated. The individual bacterial isolates and their sensitive pattern to various antibiotics were also recorded in
200 patients. The study was carried out COPD was diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive
Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines.
Results: Out of 200 patients, clinically diagnosed as AECOPD, 75% were males and 25% were females. 45%
patients were in the age group 56-65 years followed by 66-75 (22%) age group. Out of a total 200 cases, 80 (40%)
were positive for pathogenic bacteria and 120 (60%) were non-pathogenic. Among total 46 pathogenic microbial,
64% were Gram-negative bacteria and 36% were Gram-positive bacteria. Out of 46 pathogenic bacteria, K.
pneumoniae was the commonest (35.55%) followed by P. aeruginosa (22.22%), S. aureus (15.55%), S.
pneumoniae (11.11%), S. pyogenes (6.66%). Among antibiotics, Amikacin was found highest sensitive followed
by Azithromycin (68.68%), Amoxy Clavulanic acid (66.66%), Ciprofloxacin (62.22%) and Gentamycin
(55.55%). Levofloxacin and Co-trimoxazole were found to be highly resistant 68.88% and 62.22% respectively
among the drugs used in culture and sensitivity of 45 isolated pathogenic bacteria.
Conclusion: Repeated exacerbation and hospital admission leads to a major impact on the quality of life of
patients with COPD. Antibiogram helps in screening resistant pathogens and prescribing right treatment protocol