Coptochilus castaneus (Dallas, 1851), reval.

(Figs 1–3, 16–18, 31–33, 46, 54–56, 69, 77, 80)

Pachycoris castaneus DALLAS, 1851:35 (description, type locality Bolivia); DOHRN, 1859:3 (catalog); WALKER, 1867:53 (placed in synonymy of P. ferrugineus); BERG, 1879:26 (in part, synonymy, distribution Argentina); EGER & LATTIN, 1997:414 (synonymy).

Coptochilus ferrugineus; WALKER, 1867:53 (in part, catalog, synonymy); STÅL, 1870:9 (in part, catalog, synonymy); LETHIERRY & SEVERIN 1893:33 (in part, catalog); SCHOUTEDEN, 1904:92, 97 (in part, synonymy); KIRKALDY, 1909:283 (in part, catalog):43; EGER et al., 2015:761, 773, 782, fig. 23.7, 23.50 (in part, distribution, illustration).

Coptocheilus ferrugineus; BERG, 1879:26 (bad spelling; in part, synonymy, distribution Argentina).

Medium-sized, color ferruginous to reddish with black punctuations uniformly distributed dorsally and laterally on venter. Pronotum with two large impunctate elongate yellow to red macules submarginally on anterolateral margins (Figs 1–3).

Head (Figs 16–18) dark yellow to red, clypeus, posterior, and lateral margins darker. Mandibular plates subequal in length to clypeus, rounded and slightly converging, but apices separated by more than the diameter of the second antennal segment, moderately elevated anteriorly (Fig. 16). Antenniferous tubercules and intersegments of antennal segments I-III concolorous with or lighter yellow than the remaining segments. Rostrum segment I, proximal portion of II, and joints of III and IV lighter yellow than or concolorous with the remaining segments.

Pronotum uniformly dark yellow to dark red, with darker, uniformly distributed punctation, longitudinal stripes not present or vague; impunctate macules usually lighter in color than surrounding surface; anterolateral margins of pronotum straight to slightly concave. Scutellum relatively uniformly dark yellow to dark red, immaculate, punctation generally dark red to black. Pleura mostly castaneus to yellowish, usually lighter along mesial and lateral margins and sterna. Legs. Coxa and adjacent surfaces of pleura, trochanter, and basal half of femur yellowish, remaining segments dark red to black.

Connexiva dark red to black, densely and concolorously punctate. Abdominal venter mostly red to yellowish, with darker areas on intersegmental sutures and pseudosutures (Fig. 2). Sternite VII in females more than three times longer than VI medially, more than 2.5 times longer than VI in males (Fig. 2).

Male genitalia. Pygophore (Figs 31–33). Ventral rim rectilinear to slightly concave (Fig. 31), strongly concave in posterior view (Fig. 33). Parameres crown highly curved, apex subtriangular (Fig. 46). Phallus (Figs 54–56). Conjunctival processes I surpassing conjunctival processes II and III, branched, ventral branch membranous except for a small acute tooth at apex, dorsal branch membranous and apically bilobed. Conjunctival processes II mostly sclerotized, curved at base and apex, broader than conjunctival processes III.

Conjunctival processes III apex narrowly rounded and slightly curved, almost as long as conjunctival processes II. Distal part of aedeagus rectilinear, converging to broad apex, with margins rounded.

Female genitalia (Figs 69, 77). Laterotergite IX subtrapezoidal, anterior margin slightly angled (Fig. 69). Exposed portion of valvifers IX relatively short. Apical receptacle of spermatheca irregularly cylindrical, more than three times longer than the intermediate part (Fig. 77).

Male measures (mm) (n=10). Total length 7.00–8.10; head: length 1.60–1.90, width 2.20–2.50; preocular length 0.90–1.00; pronotum: length 2.00–2.30, width 4.30–4.90; scutellum: length 4.20–4.85, width 4.05–4.85; length of sternite VI 0.40–0.50; length of sternite VII 1.20–1.50.

Female measures (mm) (N=11). Total length 8.00– 8.80; head: length 1.50–1.95, width 2.30–2.55; length of anteocular region 0.80–1.00; pronotum: length 2.00–2.50, width 4.75–5.20; scutellum: length 4.85–5.50, width 4.50– 5.00; length of sternite VI 0.30–0.45; length of sternite VII 1.20–1.75.

Type material. Holotype: female, labelled: a) Type [red circle], b) Bolivia, c) castaneus Dall., d) Pachycoris castaneus (type) Dallas, = Coptochilus ferrugineus A&S, e) BRIT. MUS., TYPE No, HEM. 552 (BMNH) (examined by the third author).

Other material examined. MEXICO, Veracruz: Los Tuxtlas, ♂, ♀, 27.XII.1985, C. Mayorga (UNAM); ♂, ♀, same data except L. Cervantes (UNAM). COSTA RICA, Guanacaste: Liberia (Parque Nal. Rincon de la Vieja, alt 020, scu-013), ♀, 23.XI.1987, Lezama H. J. e Soto J. (MUCRJEEC); Alajuela: San RamÓn Oeste (620 m), ♀, 3–19. IV.1994, Cano C. (LN318100_381900 #2818) (INBIOJEEC); Heredia: Finca La Selva (3 km. S. Pto. Viejo), ♀, 29–31.VII.1976, Fisher E. M. (DBTC); San José: San José - Escazú, ♀, I.1988, Parker F. D. (DBTC). PANAMÁ, Colón, Fort Sherman (Canal Zone), 2♂, ♀, 13.X.80, Engleman D. col., D. H. Engleman Collection (JEEC); Cativá (Canal Zone, Coco Solo Hospital, 9°21ʼN 79°51ʼW), ♂, 8.V.74, Engleman (JEEC); Panamá: AncÓn, ♂, 9.IV.1926, CT Greene col., Coptochilus ferrugineus A. & S., det. RISailer (USNM); Los Santos; Taboga, ♀, XII.1953, Krausa N. H. L. (AMNH _ IZC 00319564). COLOMBIA, Magdalena: Río Frío (2000-2700 feet), ♂, 26.VII.1926, Walker F. W. (AMNH _ IZC 00319557); same data, ♀ (AMNH _ IZC 00319558); same data, ♀ (FSCA); Villavicencio, ♀, 3.XI.44, Hambleton E. J., Lot No 44-28047 (USNM). ECUADOR, Napo: Napo (Puerto), ♀, 17.VI.1984, Haswell R. (WSU); Misahualli (Puerto, 1°2ʼ4.2ˮS, 77°39ʼ49.2ˮW, 1650-1900 ft, mercury vapor & ultraviolet lights), 2♂, 6–19.IX.1998, Eger J. E. (JEEC); ♂, same locality, beating (JEEC); Orellana: Pompeya on Napo, ♂, 13.V.1965, Pena L. E. (AMNH _ IZC 00319559); same data, ♀ (AMNH _ IZC 00319560); BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: Buena Vista (vic. Flora & Fauna Hotel), ♂, 22–26.X. [20]02, Morris/Wappes (JEEC); Potosí: Sara, ♂, no date, Steinbach (AMNH _ IZC 00319562); same data, 2♀ (AMNH _ IZC 00319561; 00319563).

Distribution. Mexico, Costa Rica, Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia (Fig. 80).

Comments. This species, previously considered a junior synonym of C. ferrugineus, is here revalidated based on the longitudinal impunctate yellow to red macules along each lateral margin of pronotum, the different proportion of the median length of sternites VI and VII (males and females), the shape of the conjunctival processes and also the distribution pattern.