Effect of wind-duration, swell-contamination, and bimodal ocean wave spectra on acoustic doppler

The purpose of the this paper is to apply a new time domain scattering model (not limited to small wave heights, small slopes, or plane waves) to developing seas which may be swell-contaminated and which assume a new bimodal ocean wave directionality function. This attribute of the directionality of the ocean waves is generated through nonlinear wave-wave interaction in which energy near the spectral peak feeds into both, shorter and longer wavelength components. The goal in this paper is to use these new models to further refine current estimations for the magnitude and Doppler characteristics of the acoustic scattering from the sea surface. It is hoped that these revised estimates can be used by other researchers trying to determine the characteristics of other scattering mechanisms expected to be active in the near-surface region of the sea surface.