Heckel and Kawakita Analyses of Granules of the Crude Leaves Extract of Vernonia galamensis Prepared using Selected Diluents and Maize starch Mucilage Binder
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- 2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology ,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Description
Leaves of Vernonia galamensis (Asteraceae) have been used for the treatment of diabetes
mellitus in folk medicine in northern Nigeria for ages. The crude extract of the leaves is
deliquescent and usually stored in airtight desiccators. Efforts to use common diluents such as
lactose, starch, and magnesium carbonate for tablet formulation of the extract produced
tablets with defects such as “sticking” and “picking”. The purpose of this study was to select
suitable efflorescent pharmaceutical diluents namely; Aerosil® 200, Avicel® PH 101 and
calcium phosphate for the tablet formulation of the deliquescent crude extract of Vernonia
galamensis and to use the Heckel and Kawakita equations to investigate the compressibility
of the granules prepared using maize starch mucilage as binder. The Kawakita model
provided an excellent fit having higher R2
values than the Heckel model and very low PK
values (indicating good fluidity) for all the different formulations and is therefore preferred in
explaining the compressibility of granules of the extract. The ranking for good
compressibility based on the diluent type was as follows; aerosil® 200 > Avicel® PH 101 >
calcium phosphate
Abstract (English)
Leaves of Vernonia galamensis (Asteraceae) have been used for the treatment of diabetes
mellitus in folk medicine in northern Nigeria for ages. The crude extract of the leaves is
deliquescent and usually stored in airtight desiccators. Efforts to use common diluents such as
lactose, starch, and magnesium carbonate for tablet formulation of the extract produced
tablets with defects such as “sticking” and “picking”. The purpose of this study was to select
suitable efflorescent pharmaceutical diluents namely; Aerosil® 200, Avicel® PH 101 and
calcium phosphate for the tablet formulation of the deliquescent crude extract of Vernonia
galamensis and to use the Heckel and Kawakita equations to investigate the compressibility
of the granules prepared using maize starch mucilage as binder. The Kawakita model
provided an excellent fit having higher R2
values than the Heckel model and very low PK
values (indicating good fluidity) for all the different formulations and is therefore preferred in
explaining the compressibility of granules of the extract. The ranking for good
compressibility based on the diluent type was as follows; aerosil® 200 > Avicel® PH 101 >
calcium phosphate
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IJCPR,Vol2,Issue2,Article7.pdf
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