Philodromus fallax SUNDEVALL 1833
Authors/Creators
- 1. and L, D. & Plant Protection Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 102, H- 1525 Budapest, Hungary. E-mail: szita @ julia-nki. hu
- 2. The Manchester Museum, The University of Manchester Oxford Road, M 13 9 PL Manchester, UK. E-mail: dmitri. v. logunov @ manchester. ac. uk
Description
Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833: 226 (D f; the f holotype in SMNH; not examined).
Material examined: without label, SZMN – 1 m. FRANCE: no exactl locality, MNHN 661 – 1 m 8 f. – TURKEY: Ankara Prov., Şereflikoçhisar Distr., N part of Tuz Lake, c. 39°08’40”N, 33°20’30”E, c. 900 m a.s.l., on reed heads, G. P. Lampel, HECO – 29/07/1956, 1 f. – AZERBAIJAN: Lenkoran Reserve, 38°38.5’N, 48°47.5’E, E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 23/05/2003, 1 m 1 f; Abşeron [=Apsheron] Pnsl., Baku, Ganly-Gel Lake, 40°21.46’N, 49°48.36’E, Yu. M. Marusik & E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 20/ 05–6/06/2003, 5 f; same pnsl., nr. Baku, Mardakyan, 40°29.26’N, 50°09.06’E, Yu. M. Marusik, ZMMU – 18/06/2003, 3 m 5 f; same pnsl., Gyurgyan, E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 1/05/2001, 4 m 1 f; Ali Bayramli [=Ali-Bairamly] Distr., Kur-Aras [=Kura-Araks] Depression, SE Shirvan’ Plain, Shirvan’ Reserve, c. 39°33’40”N, 49°07’45”E, 1–25 m a.s.l., E. F. Guseinov, ZMMU – 28/05/2000, 2 f. – RUSSIA: Novosibirsk Region: Karasuk Distr., c. 4 km W of Troitskoe, the shore of Solenoe Lake, c. 53°43’10”N, 77°44’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., A. E. Kozlov, SZMN – 1/06/1988, 1 f; same distr., the shore of Astrodym Lake, c. 53°38’30”N, 77°47’E, c. 110 m a.s.l., A. E. Kozlov, SZMN – 12/06/1988, 2 f. Tuva: Erzin Distr., Tes-Khem River valley, left riverside, c. 14 km NW of Erzin, c. 50°21’30”N, 95°02’20”E, 1040–1080 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, SZMN – 4/06/1989, 1 f; same distr., shore of Shara-Nur Lake, c. 37 km W of Erzin, c. 50°14’10”N, 94°37’40”E, 900–920 m a.s.l., D. V. Logunov, ZMMU – 10/05/1989, 2 f. – UKRAINE: Dnipropetrovs’k [=Dnepropetrovsk] Region: Pavlograd Distr., Samara River valley, left riverside, c. 3 km N of Bulakhivka [=Bulakhovka], c. 48°38’N, 35°41’E, 57–65 m a.s.l., L. Yu. Khodinsk, SZMN – 25/05/1975, 1 f; Zaporizhzhya [=Zaporozh’e] Region, Berdyans’k [=Berdyansk] Distr., N shore of Azov Sea, Berdyans’k [=Berdyansk], c. 46°45’N, 36°48’20”E, 0–50 m a.s.l., V. Nikolaev, PSU – 1/05/1937, 2 m 4 f. – Kazakhstan: Kyzyl-Orda Region: Aral’sk Distr., Aral Sea, Barsakel’mes Nature Reserve, Barsakel’mes Isl., c. 45°40’25”N, 59°55’E, wet sand, 50–60 m a.s.l., T. V. Pavlenko, ZMMU – 14/05/1982, 1 f. Pavlodar Region: Maiskoe Distr., S shore of Alkamergen Lake, c. 51°04’50”N, 76°38’45”E, c. 190 m a.s.l., O. V. Lyakhov, SZMN – 7/05/1990, 1 f. E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai [=Tarbagatay] Distr., S shore of Zaisan Lake, c. 10 km NW of Tugyl [=Priozernyi], c. 47°47’50”N, 84°06’20”E, 390–398 m a.s.l., R. Yu. Dudko & V. K. Zinchenko, ZMMU – 10/06/1997, 1 f; Tarbagatai [=Tarbagatay] Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl [=Priozernyi], c. 47°42’05”N, 84°17’45”E, 390–400 m a.s.l., R. Yu. Dudko & V. K. Zinchenko, SZMN – 11/06/1997, 1 m 2 f; Kurchum Distr., SW foothills of Narym Mt. Range, nr. Aktobe Hill, c. 15 km NW of Kurchum, c. 48°41’N, 83°32’E, 440–480 m a.s.l., R. Yu. Dudko, SZMN – 3–4/05/1999, 1 m; Kokpekti [=Kokpekty] Distr., c. 1–2 km W of Kokpekti [=Kokpekty], c. 48°45’10”N, 82°21’E, 540–580 m a.s.l., hills, A. A. Zyuzin, ZMMU – 7/08/1988, 1 m. Almaty [=Alma-Ata] Region: Alakol’ Distr., E shore of Balkhash Lake, N environses of Ayakoz [=Ayaguz] River mouth, nr. Karatas ruins, c. 46°41’20”N, 79°14’E, 342–360 m a.s.l., A. A. Zyuzin, ZMMU – 3/08/1988, 3 m 5 f. – UZBEKISTAN: Syrdarya Region: Golodnaya Steppe, c. 40°30’20”N, 68°24’E, c. 270 m a.s.l., G. G. Yakobson, PSU – 1–6/05/1903, 1 f. – TURKMENISTAN: Balkan [=Krasnovodsk] Region: Turkmenbashi [=Krasnovodsk] Distr., Krasnovodsk Nature Reserve, E shore of Caspian Sea, Krasnovodskaya Kosa Pnsl., Gyzylsuv [=Kyzyl-Su, Kizyl-Su], c. 39°47’45”N, 53°00’45”E, 23–28 m a.s.l., ZMMU – 9/07/1929, 2 m. Dashkhovuz [=Tashauz] Region: Boldumsaz [=Kalinin] Distr., the shore of Sarykamysh Lake, c. 41°53’55”N, 57°47’45”E, 5–20 m a.s.l., L. A. Mitroshina, ZMMU – 1/05/1986, 1 f. – KYRGHYZSTAN: Chui [=Chu, Chüy] Region: Alamedin [=Alamüdün] Distr., N slope of Kirgiz Mt. Range, c. 20 km S of Bishkek [=Frunze], Malinovoe [=Malinovka] River canyon, Figs 53–58. Male genitalia of Philodromus spp. 53–55. = P. triangulatus – 53 v, 54 rl, 55 pl. 56–58. = P. pictus – 56 v, 57 rl, 58 pl. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Specimens: P. triangulatus: Tuva, Kyzyl; P. pictus:
Almaty Region, Butakovka
c. 42°41’10”N, 74°32’50”E, 1380–1500 m a.s.l., S. V. Ovtchinnikov, ZMMU – 22/06/1984, 1 m 1 f. – TADJIKISTAN: Vakhsh River, nr. Tarkti, A. P. Kononenko, SZMN – 30/03/1973, 1 f.
Diagnosis: Embolus saddle-shaped. VTA as long as wide, angular. Epigynal plate onioncup-shaped. Distance between EA larger than their length.
Male (E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl): Prosoma light brown, with the pattern of brown and beige stripes and patches (Fig. 78). Opisthosoma beige, with the light greyish brown to dark brown pattern. Legs gently speckled. Measurements (n= 1). Body length 6.4. PsL 2.8, PsW 2.75, OsL 3.6, OsW 2.3. Distances between eyes: AME 0.1, ALE 0.1, PME 0.1, PLE 0.1, AME-AME 0.2, AME-ALE 0.1, PME-PME 0.4, PME-PLE 0.2, MOA-AW 0.4, MOA-PW 0.6, MOA-L 0.5, AME-PME 0.3, ALE-PLE 0.2. Length of leg segments: FeI 3.65, PaI 1.4, TiI 3, MtI 2.7, TaI 1.45, FeII 4.5, PaII 1.65, TiII 4.15, MtII 3.8, TaII 1.95, FeIII 3.1, PaIII 1.2, TiIII 2.3, MtIII 2.25, TaIII 1.2, FeIV 3.4, PaIV 1.2, TiIV 2.45, MtIV 2.25, TaIV 1.35. Total length of legs: legI 12.2, legII 16.05, legIII 10.05, legIV 10.65. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–0–1–0–1; pl 0–1–0–1–0; v -; rl 0–0–1–0–0. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 1–1–0–1–0; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–1–0–1–0. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1.
Palpus (Figs 47–49). CyL 0.73, CyW 0.34, PTiL. 0.53. Cymbium rounded, two times longer than wide. The tegulum elongated, not overhanging the alveoulus. The tegular suture conspicuous. The ST is seen in ventral view. The embolus wide, but its tip is sharply narrowed, forming a kind of distal ‘saddle’ ended up with a pointed tip. The embolic tip is usually hidden beneath the membranous PTA. The PTA with a small distal claw directed retro-laterad. The length of palpal tibia is twice of its width, ca. of the same length as the cymbium. In ventral view, the VTA is as long as wide, slightly angular, the prolateral side of its distal end is slightly receded and weekly sclerotised. The RTA triangular in retrolateral view (Fig. 48), its tip slightly curved ventro-mediad.
Female (E Kazakhstan Region: Tarbagatai Distr., c. 5 km ESE of Tugyl): Colouration and colour pattern as in males. Measurements (n= 2). Body length 5.75–6.85. PsL 2.1–2.6, PsW 2.05–2.5, OsL 3.65–4.25, OsW 2.75–3.2. Distances between eyes: AME 0.10–0.11, ALE 0.07–0.09, PME 0.07–0.08, PLE 0.07–0.08, AME-AME 0.16–0.16, AME-ALE 0.08–0.11, PME-PME 0.30–0.36, PME-PLE 0.17–0.21, MOA-AW 0.35–0.38, MOA-PW 0.44–0.53, MOA-L 0.36–0.42, AME-PME 0.22–0.25, ALE-PLE 0.18–0.21. Length of leg segments: FeI 2.4–2.9, PaI 1.1–1.25, TiI 2–2.9, MtI 1.75–1.85, TaI 1–1.4, FeII 3.15–3.68, PaII 1.25–1.5, TiII 2.75–3.15, MtII 2.2–2.65, TaII 1.35–1.6, FeIII 2.15–2.5, PaIII 0.9–1, TiIII 1.65–1.9, MtIII 1.25–1.7, TaIII 0.8–0.95, FeIV 2.4–2.9, PaIV 0.9–1.1, TiIV 1.75–2.23, MtIV 1.4–1.9, TaIV 0.85–1. Total length of legs: legI 8.3–10.3, legII 10.7–12.58, legIII 6.75–8.05, legIV 7.3–9.13. Spination of leg I: femur: d 0–0–1–0–1; pl 0–1–0–1–0 or 0–1–0–1–1; v -; rl 0–1–0–0–0. tibia: d 0–0–1; pl 1–1–0–1–0 or 1–0–1–1–0; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–1–0–1–0 or 0–0–1–1–0 or 1–0–1–1–0. metatarsus: d -; pl 1–0–1–0–1; v 2–0–2–0–0ap; rl 1–0–1–0–1.
Epigyne and spermathecae (Figs 59–60). The epigynal athrium as an onion-cupola. The CD medium wide, but visibly widened anteriorly. The distance between EA is larger than their length. The S oval, its posterior end slightly narrowed. The ID and SO are in the anterior position.
Remarks: P. fallax was identified on the basis of the illustrations by TULLGREN (1970: Plate XVI, Fig. 214) and ROBERTS (1995: 172, Plate 11). This species greatly resembles P. angulobulbis. The male can be distinguished by the embolic shape (almost saddle-shaped distally in P. fallax, and more or less straight in P. angulobulbis) and by the wider VTA (cf. Figs 47 and 50); the latter difference is not always obvious. The female of P. fallax have the visibly wider EA (cf. Figs 59 and 61) and the different configuration of S and SO (cf. Figs 60 and 62).
Habitat: Central Europe: sandy beaches and coastal dunes (HÄNGGI et al. 1995). Kalmykia: meadows, saline meadows and plavni (MINORANSKI & PONOMAREV 1984). Rostov Region: meadows (MINORANSKI et al. 1980). Chelyabinsk Region: shores of steppe lakes and river valley meadows (EFIMIK & ZOLOTAREV 1998). Tyumen Region (Yuganski Reserve): riam, i.e. the risen bog surrounded by sparse pine forest (ESYUNIN 1996). Tuva: saline and stony shores of lakes, Acnatherium splendens stands, reed swamps (LOGUNOV et al. 1998: pro parte, present data). It seems that habitat preferences of P. fallax in the eastern part of its range are more diverse, and this fact was recently discussed by DUFFEY (2005). Elevations: 0–1500 m a.s.l.
Distribution: The trans-Palaearctic temperate range; known from Portugal and France in the west (URONES 1995; present data), eastward throughout European part Russia (MINORANSKI et al. 1980, ESYUNIN 1996, ESYUNIN & EFIMIK 1996, etc.), the Caucasus (present data) and Central Asia (KRONEBERG 1885, PAVLENKO 1985, FET 1993, ZYUZIN et al. 1994, MIKHAILOV & FET 1994) to China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia; ZHOU & SONG 1985, SONG & ZHU 1997, SONG et al. 1999), Yakutia (MARUSIK et al. 1992, 1993) and Chukotka (MARUSIK 1991) in the east; for the collection localities in the eastern Palaerctic Region see Map 9.
The record of P. fallax from the Polar Urals (ESYUNIN & EFIMIK 1996) turned out to be that of P. alascensis (ESYUNIN’ s material re-examined). The records of P. fallax by TSELLARIUS (1993) from the ‘Kivach’ Reserve were made on the basis of immature specimens, and therefore are neglected here.
Notes
Files
Files
(11.2 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:d59b72a1a420c5e5f66de7a4e72cc447
|
11.2 kB | Download |
System files
(89.8 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:0957ab76710e4c8f19b357c57c29bb52
|
89.8 kB | Download |
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- SZMN , SZMN, MNHN, HECO, ZMMU, V, PSU, T, R, ESE , V, ZMMU
- Event date
- 1903-05-01 , 1973-03-30 , 1984-06-22
- Verbatim event date
- 1903-05-01/2003-06-18 , 1973-03-30 , 1984-06-22
- Scientific name authorship
- SUNDEVALL
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Order
- Araneae
- Family
- Philodromidae
- Genus
- Philodromus
- Species
- fallax
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Philodromus fallax SUNDEVALL, 1833 sec. Szita, Logunov & O, 2008
References
- SUNDEVALL, J. C. (1833) Svenska Spindlarmes beskrifning Fortsattning och slut. Nova Acta regie Societatis scientiarum Upsaliensis. Stockholm. 1932: 171 - 272.
- TULLGREN, A. (1970) Svensk Spindelfauna. 3. Egentliga spindlar. Araneae. Fam. 1 - 4. Salticidae, Thomisidae, Philodromidae och Eusparassidae. England, Hampton Middlesex, E. W. Classey Ltd. 138 pp.
- ROBERTS, M. J. (1995) Spiders of Britain and northern Europe. London: Harper Collins Publishers, 383 pp.
- HANGGI, A., STOCKLI, E. & NENTWIG, W. (1995) Habitats of Central European spiders. Characterisation of the habitats of the most abundant spider species of Central Europe and associated species. Neuchatel: CSCF. 460 pp.
- MINORANSKI, V. A. & PONOMAREV, A. V. (1984) [Materials on the spider fauna of Kalmykia]. Pp. 82 - 92. In: UTOTCHKIN, A. S. (ed.): Fauna i ekologiya paukoobraznykh. ' PGU press', Perm. [in Russian]
- MINORANSKI, V. A., PONOMAREV, A. V. & GRAMOTENKO, V. P. (1980) [Spiders (Aranei) of Rostov Region]. Pp. 145 - 158. In: Fauna, Ekologiya i Okhrana zhivotnykh Severnogo Kavkaza. Nalchik. [in Russian]
- EFIMIK, V. E. & ZOLOTAREV, M. P. (1998) [Additional data on the spider fauna and ecology (Arachnida: Aranei) of Chelyabinsk Region]. Pp. 140 - 145. In UTKIN, N. A. (ed.): Bespozvonochnye Zhivotnye Yuzhnogo Zauraliya i sopredelnykh territorii. Kurgan. [in Russian]
- LOGUNOV, D., MARUSIK YU. M. & KOPONEN, S. (1998) A check-list of the spiders in Tuva, South Siberia, with analysis of their habitat distribution. Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck 85: 125 - 159.
- DUFFEY, E. (2005) Regional variation of habitat tolerance by some European spiders (Araneae) - a review. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 29: 25 - 34.
- URONES, C. (1995) Catalogo y atals de las Aranas de la familia Philodromidae Thorell, 1870 de la Peninsula Iberica e Islas Baleares. Graellsia 51: 55 - 81.
- ESYUNIN, S. L. & EFIMIK, V. E. (1996) Catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of the Urals. ' KMK Scientific Press Ltd. ', Moscow. 229 pp. [in English and Russian]
- KRONEBERG, A. I. (1885) Appendix A - Araneae (Spiders). Pp. 47 - 51. In: LANSDELL, H. (ed.): Russian central Asia, including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva, and Merv. London.
- PAVLENKO, T. V. (1985) [Distribution of spiders over the natural complexes of Barsakel'mes Island (Aral Sea)]. Pp. 129 - 134. In: OVTSHARENKO, V. I. (ed.): Fauna i ekologiya paukov SSSR. Trudy Zoologichekogo Instituta AN SSSR, Vol. 139. ZIN, Leningrad. [in Russian with English summary]
- ZYUZIN, A. A., TARABAEV, C. K. & FYODOROV, A. A. (1994) [The spider fauna (Arachnida: Araneae) of the East part of Kyzylkum Desert and the eastern surroundings of Aral Sea]. Selevinia 1: 3 - 11. [in Russian]
- MIKHAILOV, K. G. & FET, V. (1994) Fauna and zoogeography of spiders (Aranei) of Turkmenistan. Pp. 499 - 524. In: FET, V & ATAMURADOV, K. I. (eds): Biogeography and ecology of Turkmenistan, Kluwer Academic Press, the Netherlands.
- ZHOU, N. & SONG, D. X. (1985) [Six new records of spiders from China]. La Animala Mondo 2 (3 - 4): 271 - 276. [in Chinese]
- SONG, D. X. & ZHU, M. S. (1997) Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae, Philodromidae. Science Press, Beijing, viii + 259 pp.
- SONG, D. X., ZHU, M. S. & CHEN, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp.
- MARUSIK, YU. M., ESKOV, K. YU. & KIM, J. P. (1992) A check-list of spiders (Aranei) of Northeast Asia. Korean Arachnology 8 (1 - 2): 129 - 158.
- MARUSIK, YU. M., ESKOV, K. YU., KOPONEN, S. & VINOKUROV, N. N. (1993) A check-list of the spiders (Aranei) of Yakutia, Siberia. Arthropoda Selecta 2 (2): 63 - 79.
- MARUSIK, YU. M. (1991) [The crab-spiders of the family Philodromidae of eastern Siberia]. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 70 (10): 48 - 58. [in Russian with English summary]
- TSELLARIUS, A. YU. (1993) [Spiders of the ' Kivach' Reserve (an annotated check-list of species)]. ESKOV, K. YU. (ed.): Flora i Fauna Zapovednikov SSSR, 51. Moscow. 31 pp. [in Russian]