Understanding the narratives in the public debate about mining in Europe

The European Union is developing initiatives such as the Critical Raw Materials Act to ensure sustainable and affordable access to critical raw materials, while upholding environmental and social standards. However, domestic mining presents challenges as some deposits are situated within environmentally protected areas, necessitating a balanced approach between resource extraction and conservation efforts. This article delves into the public narratives surrounding mining projects in five European countries: Portugal, France, Slovakia, Italy, and the Czech Republic. The analysis unveils differing perspectives along two main divides: security of supply versus environmental protection. While policymakers stress the importance of increasing domestic mineral production to reduce import dependence, environmentalists and local communities voice concerns over the ecological impacts of mining. These narratives underscore a fear of change among local populations, driven by scepticism about prescribed solutions and a perceived disconnect between top-down directives and bottom-up concerns. The analysis highlights the necessity for inclusive policymaking, effective communication, and a nuanced approach that aligns the EU's sustainability goals with the legitimate aspirations of local communities.