Reconfigurable meander line dipole antenna based on two rectangular defected ground structure

In this study, a reconfigurable double-sided meander line dipole antenna 
(RMLA) incorporated with a tapered balun was developed to function at
0.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.7 GHz. Furthermore, the suggests antenna 
functions at three modes at different frequency bands with pattern 
reconfiguration. Two positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes were 
embedded in the two rectangular defected ground structures to accomplish 
frequency and pattern reconfigurability. With excellent impedance matching, 
the return loss in each of these bands keeps beneath -10 dB. The suggested 
antenna was designed using computer simulation technology 2020 and 
constructed on a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and dielectric 
constant of 4.3 mm respectively. Additionally, for antenna size reduction, 
meander line technique was embedded. The fundamental working 
mechanism of this reconfigurable antenna is accomplished by changing the 
status of a radio frequency (RF) switches, which is carried out in on or off 
mode. For the three resonant bands, the suggested antenna has a voltage 
standing waves ratio (VSWR) < 2. Up to 80%, the suggested structure 
radiation efficiency and gain (1−2.8) dBi are calculated. The suggested 
antenna is well suitable for global system mobile, wireless fidelity (WiFi)
and C-band applications because of its notable features of high efficiency, 
good gain and frequency reconfigurability.