Published May 8, 2024 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Late Ordovician scolecodonts and chitinozoans from the Pin Valley in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, northern India

Description

Tonarová, Petra, Suttner, Thomas J., Hints, Olle, Liang, Yan, Zemek, Marek, Kubajko, Michal, Zikmund, Tomáš, Kaiser, Jozef, Kido, Erika (2024): Late Ordovician scolecodonts and chitinozoans from the Pin Valley in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, northern India. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 69 (2): 199-215, DOI: 10.4202/app.01135.2024, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.01135.2024

Files

source.pdf

Files (2.4 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:83644a60d3e6d4ba9ab471ddf4618c19
2.4 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:83644A60FFE6FFBAFFB4FFDDF4618C19
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/83644A60FFE6FFBAFFB4FFDDF4618C19

References

  • Abel, R.L., Laurini, C.R., and Richter, M. 2012. A palaeobiologist's guide to "virtual" micro-CT preparation. Palaeontologia Electronica 15 (2): 15.2.6T.
  • Achab, A. 1978. Sur quelques chitinozoaires de la Formation de Vaureal et de la Formation de Macasty (Ordovicien superieur), Ile d'Anticosti, Quebec, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 25: 295-314.
  • Al-Hajri, S. 1995. Biostratigraphy of the Ordovician chitinozoa of north-western Saudi Arabia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 89: 27-48.
  • Al-Shawareb, A., Miller, M., and Vecoli, M. 2017. Late Ordovician (Katian) chitinozoans from northwest Saudi Arabia: Biostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental implications. Revue de Micropaleontologie 60: 333-369.
  • Asselin, E., Achab, A., and Soufiane, A. 2004. Biostratigraphic significance of lower Paleozoic microfaunas from eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41: 489-505.
  • Audouin, J.V. and Milne Edwards, H. 1833. Classification des Annelides et description de celles qui habitent les cotes de la France. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris. series 1: 187-247.
  • Bagati, T.N. 1990. Lithostratigraphy and facies variation in the Spiti basin (Tethys), Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Himalayan Geology 1: 35-47.
  • Beesley, P., Ross, G.J.B., and Glasby, C.J. (eds.) 2000. Polychates and Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Vol. 4A: Polychaeta, Myzostomida, Pogonophora, Echiura, Sipuncula. 420 pp. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
  • Bergman, C.F. 1989. Silurian paulinitid polychaetes from Gotland. Fossils and Strata 25: 1-128.
  • Bergman, C.F. 1991. Revision of some Silurian paulinitid scolecodonts from western New York. Journal of Paleontology 65: 248-254.
  • Bhargava, O.N. and Bassi, U.K. 1986. Silurian reefal buildups, Spiti-Kinnaur, Himachal Himalaya, India. Facies 15: 35-52.
  • Bhargava, O.N. and Bassi, U.K. 1998. Geology of Spiti-Kinnaur Himachal Himalaya. Memoir Geological Survey of India 124: 1-210.
  • Bhargava, O.N., Srivastava, R.N., and Gadhoke, S.K. 1991. Proterozoic- Palaeozoic Spiti sedimentary basin. In: S.K. Tandon, C.C. Pant, and S.M. Casshyap (eds.), Sedimentary Basins of India: Tectonic Context. 236-260. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital.
  • Bond, D.P.G. and Grasby, S.E. 2020. Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation. Geology 48: 777-781.
  • Bordoloi, S. 2002. Petrography of Pin Formation, Spiti, Tethyan Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh. 43 pp. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of Delhi, Delhi.
  • Bourahrouh, A., Paris, F., and Elaouad-Debbaj, Z. 2004. Biostratigraphy, biodiversity and palaeoenvironments of the chitinozoans and associated palynomorphs from the Upper Ordovician of the Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 130: 17-40.
  • Brenchley, P.J., Carden, G.A., Hints, L., Kaljo, D., Marshall, J.D., Martma, T., Meidla, T., and Nolvak, J. 2003. High-resolution stable isotope stratigraphy of Upper Ordovician sequences: Constraints on the timing of bioevents and environmental changes associated with mass extinction and glaciation. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115: 89-104.
  • Budaeva, N. and Zanol, J. 2021. Eunicida Dales, 1962. In: G. Purschke, W. Westheide, and M. Boggemann (eds.), Handbook of Zoology Annelida. Volume 3: Sedentaria III, Errantia I, 353-360. De Gruyter, Berlin.
  • Chaubey, R.S., Singh, B.P., Vinn, O., Bhargava, O.N., Prasad, S.K., and Sati, M. 2023. Integrated lithofacies, microfacies and sequence stratigraphic framework of the Takche Formation (Ordovician-Early Silurian), Pin Valley, Spiti Himalaya, India. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 307: 51-64.
  • Chaubey, R.S., Vinn, O., Singh, B.P., Bgargava, O.N., Prasad, S.K., and Kishore, N. 2019. Warm-water Dasycladaceae algae from the Late Ordovician of the Parahio Valley, Spiti, India. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 68: 45-53.
  • Claparede, E. 1870. Les Annelides Chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve 20: 365-542.
  • Clemo, W.C. and Dorgan, K.M. 2017. Functional morphology of eunicidan (Polychaeta) jaws. The Biological Bulletin 233: 227-241.
  • Dales, R.P. 1963. Annelids. 200 pp. Hutchinson, London.
  • De la Puente, S.G. and Astini, R.A. 2023. Ordovician chitinozoans and review on basin stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of northern Argentina along the Proto-Andean margin. Geobios 81: 199-226.
  • De la Puente, G.S., Paris, F., and Vaccari, N.E. 2020. Latest Ordovician- earliest Silurian chitinozoans from the Puna region, north-western Argentina (Western Gondwana). Bulletin of Geosciences 95: 391-418.
  • Elaouad-Debbaj, Z. 1984. Chitinozoaires ashgilliens de l'Anti-Atlas (Maroc). Geobios 17: 45-75.
  • Eller, E.R. 1942. Scolecodonts from the Erindale Upper Ordovician, at Sreetville, Ontario. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 29: 241-270.
  • Eller, E.R. 1945. Scolecodonts from the Trenton Series (Ordovician) of Ontario, Quebec, and New York. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30: 119-212.
  • Eriksson, M. 2001. Silurian ramphoprionid polychaetes from Gotland, Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 75: 993-1015.
  • Eriksson, M. 2002. The palaeobiogeography of Silurian ramphoprionid polychaete annelids. Palaeontology 45: 985-996.
  • Eriksson, M. and Bergman, C.F. 2003. Late Ordovician jawed polychaete faunas of the type Cincinnatian Region, U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology 77: 509-523.
  • Eriksson, M.E., Bergman, C.F., and Jeppsson, L. 2004. Silurian scolecodonts. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 131: 269-300.
  • Eriksson, M.E., Hints, O., Paxton, H., and Tonarova, P. 2013. Chapter 18 Ordovician and Silurian polychaete diversity and biogeography. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 38: 265-272.
  • Eriksson, M.E., Leslie, S.A., and Bergman, C.F. 2005. Jawed polychaetes from the Upper Sylvan Shale (Upper Ordovician), Oklahoma, USA. Journal of Paleontology 79: 486-496.
  • Eriksson, M.E., Parry, L.A., and Rudkin, D.M. 2017. Earth's oldest "Bobbit worm"-gigantism in a Devonian eunicidan polychaete. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 43061.
  • Fauchald, K. 2013. Worms,Annelida. In: S.A. Levin (ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Second Edition, 408-419. Elsevier.
  • Fortey, R.A. and Cocks, L.R.M. 2005. Late Ordovician global warming- The Boda event. Geology 33: 405-408.
  • Fuchs, G. 1982. The geology of the Pin Valley in Spiti, H. P., India. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 124: 325-359.
  • Ghavidel-Syooki, M. 2001. Biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of Late Ordovician and Early Silurian chitinozoans from the Zagros Basin, Southern Iran. Historical Biology 15: 29-39.
  • Ghavidel-Syooki, M. 2023. Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic implications of Ordovician and Silurian chitinozoa from the High Zagros Mountains, Northern Persian Gulf, Iran. Palynology 47: 2149631.
  • Ghavidel-Syooki, M. and Piri-Kangarhahi, M.H. 2021. Biostratigraphy of acritarchs, chitinozoans, and miospores from Upper Ordovician sequences in Kuh-e Boghou, southwest of Kashmar, eastern central Iran: Stratigraphic and paleogeographic implications. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 284: 104337.
  • Ghavidel-Syooki, M. and Winchester-Seeto, T. 2002. Biostratigraphy and palaeogeography of Late Ordovician chitinozoans from the northeastern Alborz Range, Iran. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 118: 77-99.
  • Goel, R.K. and Nair N.G.K. 1977. The Spiti Ordovician-Silurian succession. Journal of Geological Society of India 18: 47-48.
  • Goel, R.K. and Nair N.G.K. 1982. Lower Palaeozoic sequence in the Pin Valley, Spiti. Geological Survey of India Miscellaneous Publications 41: 13-15.
  • Grahn, Y. 1981. Middle Ordovician Chitinozoa from Oland. Sverige geologiska undersokning. Serie C 784: 1-51.
  • Grahn, Y. 1982. Caradocian and Ashgillian Chitinozoa from the Subsurface of Gotland. Sveriges geologiska undersokning, Serie C 788: 1-66.
  • Grahn, Y. 1992. Ordovician chitinozoa and biostratigraphy of Brazil. Geobios 25: 703-723.
  • Griesbach, C.L. 1891. Geology of the central Himalayas. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 23: 1-232.
  • Grube, A.E. 1850. Die Familien der Anneliden. Archiv fur Naturges- chichte, Berlin 16: 249-364
  • Gueriau, P., Parry, L.A., and Rabet, N. 2023. Gilsonicaris from the Lower Devonian Hunsruck slate is a eunicidan annelid and not the oldest crown anostracan crustacean. Biology Letters 19 (8): 20230312.
  • Hayden, H.H. 1904. The geology of Spiti with parts of Bashahr and Rupshu. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 36: 1-129.
  • Hinde, G.J. 1879. On Annelid jaws from the Cambro-Silurian, Silurian, and Devonian Formations in Canada and from the Lower Carboniferous in Scotland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 35: 370-389.
  • Hints, L., Hints, O., Kaljo, D., Kiipli, T., Mannik, P., Nolvak, J., and Parnaste, H. 2010. Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) bio- and chemostratigraphy of the Stirnas-18 core, western Latvia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 59: 1-24.
  • Hints, O. 1998. Late Viruan (Ordovician) polychaete jaws from North Estonia and the St. Petersburg Region. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43: 471-516.
  • Hints, O. 2000. Ordovician eunicid polychaetes of Estonia and surrounding areas: review of their distribution and diversification. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 113: 41-55.
  • Hints, O., Ainsaar, L., Lepland, A., Liiv, M., Mannik, P., Meidla, T., Nolvak, J., and Radzevicius, S. 2023. Paired carbon isotope chemostratigraphy across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in central East Baltic: Regional and global signatures. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 624: 111640.
  • Hints, O. and Tonarova, P. 2023. A diverse Hirnantian scolecodont assemblage from northern Estonia and resilience of polychaetes to the end- Ordovician mass extinction. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 72: 46-49.
  • Hints, O., Paris, F., and Al-Hajri, S. 2015. Late Ordovician scolecodonts from the Qusaiba-1 core hole, central Saudi Arabia, and their paleogeographical affinities. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 212: 85-96.
  • Hints, O., Tonarova, P., and Desrochers, A. 2016. Late Ordovician jaw-bearing polychaetes from Anticosti Island, eastern Canada, and their biogeographic significance. Melchin, M. (ed.), Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53: 731-738.
  • Hints, O., Tonarova, P., Eriksson, M.E., Rubinstein, C. V., and de la Puente, G.S. 2017. Early Middle Ordovician scolecodonts from north-western Argentina and the emergence of labidognath polychaete jaw apparatuses. Palaeontology 60: 583-593.
  • Hutchings, P.A. 1986. Biological destruction of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 4: 239-252.
  • Hubmann, B. and Suttner, T. 2007. Calcimicrobes and calcareous algae of the Pin Formation (NW Himalayas, India): a contribution to the "Ordovician Flora". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica (Special Issue) 46 (Supplement): 188-193.
  • Jansonius, J. and Craig, J.H. 1971. Scolecodonts: I. Descriptive terminology and revision of systematic nomenclature; II. Lectotypes, new names for homonyms, index of species. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 19: 251-293.
  • Kato, M., Goel, R.K., and Srivastava, S.S. 1987. Ordovician Algae from Spiti, India. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series IV 22: 313-323.
  • Khanna, A.K. 1984. Scolecodonts from Late Ordovician-Early Silurian sequence of Spiti Valley, Tethys Himalaya. Proceedings of Fifth Indi- an Geophytological Conference, 24-28. The Palaeobotanical Society, Lucknow.
  • Khanna, A.K. and Sah, S.C.D. 1983. Chitinozoa of the Pin Dolomite, Tethys Himalaya. Himalayan Geology 11: 256-262.
  • Khanna, A.K., Sinha,A.K., and Sah, S.C.D. 1985.Yong Limestone of Tethys Himalaya-its stratigraphic status and palynological fossils. Journal of the Geological Society of India 26: 191-198.
  • Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1962. New Ordovician genera of polychaete jaw apparatuses. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 7: 291-332.
  • Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1966. Polychaete jaw apparatuses from the Ordovician and Silurian of Poland and a comparison with modern forms. Palaeontologia Polonica 16: 1-152.
  • Kroger, B., Ebbestad, J.O., and Lehnert, O. 2016. Accretionary mechanisms and temporal sequence of formation of the Boda Limestone Mud-Mounds (Upper Ordovician), Siljan District, Sweden. Journal of Sedimentary Research 86: 363-379.
  • Lange, F.W. 1947. Annelidos poliquetos dos folhelhos devonianos do Parana. Arquivos do Museu Paranaese 6 (5): 161-230.
  • Laufeld, S. 1967. Caradocian Chitinozoa from Dalarna, Sweden. Geologiska Foreningen i Stockholm Forhandlingar 89: 275-349.
  • Lefebvre, B., Makhlouf, Y., Nardin, E., Nedjari, A., and Touzeau, A. 2014. Impact of the Boda Event (Late Ordovician) on high-latitude Peri-Gondwanan faunas: An Echinoderm Perspective. In: R. Rocha, J. Pais, J.C. Kullberg, and S. Finney (eds.), STRATI 2013, First International Con- gress on Stratigraphy at the Cutting Edge of Stratigraphy, Conference Proceedings, 49-52. Springer, Cham.
  • Liang, Y., Tang, P., Wang, G.-X., Yan, G.-Z., and Wang, Q. 2023. Middle-Late Ordovician chitinozoans from Songliang of Qiaojia, western South China, and their biostratigraphic implications. Palaeoworld 32: 287-302.
  • Lu, Y., Hao, F., Yan, D., and Lu, Y. 2021. Volcanism-induced late Boda warming in the Late Ordovician: Evidence from the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 578: 110579.
  • Martin, F. 1983. Chitinozoaires et acritarches ordoviciens de la plate-forme du Saint-Laurent (Quebec et Sud-Est de l'Ontario). Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 310: 1-59.
  • Mannil, R. and Zaslavskaya, N. 1985. Silurijskie polihety severa Sibiri. Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki SO AN SSSR 615: 98-119.
  • Myrow, P.M., Fike, D.A., Malmskog, E., Leslie, S. A., Zhang, T.R., Singh, B.P., Chaubey, R.S., and Prasad, S.K. 2019. Ordovician-Silurian boundary strata of the Indian Himalaya: Record of the latest Ordovician Boda event. GSA Bulletin 131: 881-898.
  • Nolvak, J. and Bauert, G. 2006. Distribution of Ordovician chitinozoans. Estonian Geological Sections Bulletin 7: 9-11.
  • Ontiveros, D.E., Beaugrand, G., Lefebvre, B., Markussen Marcilly, C., Servais, T., and Pohl, A. 2023. Impact of global climate cooling on Ordovician marine biodiversity. Nature Communications 14: 6098.
  • Pandey, S. and Parcha, S.K. 2018. Calcareous algae from the Ordovician succession (Thango Formation) of the Spiti Basin, Tethys Himalaya, India. Acta Palaeobotanica 58: 97-106.
  • Paris, F. 1988. Late Ordovician and early Silurian chitinozoans from central and southern Cyrenaiea (Libya). In: A. El Arnauti, B. Owens, and B. Thusu (eds.), Subsurface Palynostratigraphy of Northeast Libya, 61-71. Garyouis University Publishing, Benghazi.
  • Paris, F., Verniers, J., Miller, M.A., Al-Hajri, S., Melvin, J., and Wellman, C. 2015. Late Ordovician-earliest Silurian chitinozoans from the Qusaiba-1 core hole (North Central Saudi Arabia) and their relation to the Hirnantian glaciation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 212: 60-84.
  • Parry, L. A., Edgecombe, G.D., Sykes, D., and Vinther, J. 2019. Jaw elements in Plumulites bengtsoni confirm that machaeridians are extinct armoured scaleworms. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286 (1907): 20191247.
  • Paxton, H. 2009. Phylogeny of Eunicida (Annelida) based on morphology of jaws. Zoosymposia 2: 241-264.
  • Reed, F.R.C. 1912. Ordovician and Silurian fossils from the central Himalayas. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia Indica, Ser. 15, 7 (2): 1-168.
  • Salter, J.W. and Blanford, H.F. 1865. Palaeontology of Niti in the Northern Himalayas Being Descriptions and Figures of the Palaeozoic and Sec- ondary Fossils Collected by Colonel Richard Strachey. 112 pp. O.T. Cutter, Military Orphan Press, Calcutta.
  • Schallreuter, R., Hinz-Schallreuter, I., and Suttner, T. 2008. New Ordovician ostracodes from Himalaya and their palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications. Revue de Micropaleontologie 51 (3): 191-204.
  • Schmidt, A., Skeffington, R.A., Thordarson, T., Self, S., Forster, P.M., Rap, A., Ridgwell, A., Fowler, D., Wilson, M., Mann, G.W., Wignall, P.B., and Carslaw, K.S. 2016. Selective environmental stress from sulphur emitted by continental flood basalt eruptions. Nature Geoscience 9: 77-82.
  • Schroer, L., Vandenbroucke, T.R.A., Hints, O., Steeman, T., Verniers, J., Brett, C.E., Cramer, B.D., and McLaughlin, P.I. 2016. A Late Ordovician age for the Whirlpool and Power Glen formations, New York. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53: 739-747.
  • Scotese, C.R. 2000. Paleomap Project [available on line, http://www.scotese.com]
  • Servais, T., Cascales-Minana, B., Harper, D.A.T., Lefebvre, B., Munnecke, A., Wang, W., and Zhang, Y. 2023. No (Cambrian) explosion and no (Ordovician) event: A single long-term radiation in the early Palaeozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 623: 111592.
  • Servais T., Owen A.W., Harper D.A.T., Kroger B., and Munnecke A. 2010 The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE): The palaeoecological dimension. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 294: 99-119.
  • Shabbar, H., Saxena, A., Gupta, S., Singh, K.J., and Goswami, S. 2022. The first record of cornulitids tubeworms from the early Late Ordovician of Spiti, Tethyan Himalaya, India. Historical Biology 34: 176-187.
  • Shabbar, H., Saxena, A., Tinn, O., Gupta, S., and Singh, K.J. 2023. Non-calcified warm-water marine macroalgae from the Ordovician strata of Spiti, Tethys Himalaya, India. Palaeoworld 32: 396-410.
  • Sinha, H.N. and Verniers, J. 2016. Discovery of the chitinozoans Belonechitina capitata from the Shiala Formation of northeastern Garhwal- Kumaon Tethys Himalaya, Pithoragarh District, Uttrakhand, India. Geoscience Frontiers 7: 859-864.
  • Sinha, H.N., Vandenbroucke, T.R.A. and Verniers, J. 2011.First Ordovician chitinozoans from Indian Gondwana-new evidence from the Shiala Formation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 167: 117-122.
  • Srikantia, S.V. 1974. Geology of Part of Lahaul and Spiti, H.P. With Preliminary Appraisal of Phosphorite Occurrence. Unpublished Report. 30 pp. Geological Survey of India, Lucknow.
  • Srikantia, S.V. 1977. Sedimentary cycles in the Himalaya and their significance on the orogenic evolution of the mountain belt. Colloques International Centre Naturalle Recherche Scientifique 268: 395-408.
  • Srikantia, S.V. and Bhargava, O.N. 2018. Stratigraphic nomenclature of early Palaeozoic in the Spiti Himalaya: cobwebs cleared. Journal Pa- laeontological Society of India 63: 233-241.
  • Stauffer, C.R. 1933. Middle Ordovician Polychaeta from Minnesota. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 44: 1173-1218.
  • Stoliczka, F. 1866. Geological section across the Himalayan Mountains, from Wangtu bridge on the River Sutlej to Sungdo on the Indus: with an account of the formations of Spiti, accompanied by a revision of all known fossils from that district. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 5: 1-173.
  • Suttner, T.J. 2003. Die Pin-Formation (Altpalaozoikum) von Muth, Spiti (Indischer Himalaya): Stratigraphie und Fazies. 81 pp. Unpublished Diploma Thesis, University of Vienna, Vienna.
  • Suttner, T.J. 2007. The Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian Pin Formation (Farka Muth, Pin Valley, north India)-a formal discussion and redefinition of its controversial type-section. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 46 (Supplement): 460-465.
  • Suttner, T.J. and Ernst, A. 2007. Upper Ordovician bryozoans of the Pin Formation (Spiti Valley, northern India). Palaeontology 50: 1485-1518.
  • Suttner, T. and Hubmann, B. 2005. Calcimicrobes and Green algae from Spiti Area, Northern India (Northern Gondwana Low Latitude Shelf Areas). Climatic and evolutionary controls on Palaeozoic reefs and bioaccumulations, Abstract volume, 53-54. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Suttner, T. and Kido, E. 2011. Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian corals from the Pin Formation (Spiti Valley, Northern India). In: M. Aretz, S. Delcuee, and J. Denazer (eds.), 11th Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria and Porifera, Liege, August 19-29, 2011, Abstracts. Kolner Forum fur Geologie und Palaontologie 19: 169-172.
  • Suttner, T.J. and Kroger, B. 2006. Late Ordovician to Early Silurian Gondwanan cephalopods of the Pin Formation (Spiti, northern India). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Monatshefte 2006 (10): 595-612.