Compliance of Grid-Forming Requirements of Grid Codes With a Type III Wind Turbine Controlled as a Virtual Synchronous Machine

Wind turbines equipped with grid-forming capability will play an important role in future power systems and the virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control method is frequently used to control these devices. Currently, grid codes incorporate  technical specifications to assess the grid-forming capability of wind turbines. This suggests that the selection of the VSM control parameters has a direct impact on meeting these requirements. However, this matter has rarely been discussed in the literature, particularly in the context of type III wind turbines. In this work, a procedure is presented to determine the control parameters of a type III wind turbine that uses the VSM control technique. When the proposed design procedure is applied, the grid-forming specifications of the National Grid grid code are met while the energy and power limits of the wind turbine are not exceeded. This is the main contribution of this work. First, the requirements of the grid code are transformed into design specifications. Then, a design procedure for selecting the control parameters is presented and the equivalent inertia is measured. A 2 MW type III wind turbine is simulated in Matlab and SimPowerSystems to validate the main findings of this study. Finally, the wind turbine is connected to a more realistic model of a power network. The results indicate that the requirements of the grid code can be met satisfactorily by following the proposed design procedure.