Introducing Goldene: Graphene's Metallic Cousin

Meet goldene, the newest addition to the family of two-dimensional materials. For the first time, researchers have created a free-standing sheet of gold that’s just one atom thick. This groundbreaking development, reported in the April 16 issue of Nature Synthesis, opens up new possibilities for using gold more efficiently in electronics and chemical reactions, says materials physicist Lars Hultman of Linköping University in Sweden. The gold sheet may also exhibit unique properties similar to those found in other two-dimensional materials.

Goldene promises to be “a great catalyst because it’s much more economically viable” than thicker, three-dimensional gold, Hultman explains. “You don’t need as many gold atoms to get the same function.” Gold now joins an elite group of elements, including carbon and phosphorus, that have been successfully formulated into 2-D sheets. While two-dimensional sheets of nonmetal elements, such as carbon-based graphene, can be prepared with relative ease, creating 2-D sheets with metals like iron and gold is more challenging, Hultman notes. In the case of gold, atoms typically clump together rather than forming flat sheets.

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To achieve this breakthrough, Hultman and colleagues first synthesized a three-dimensional material called titanium gold carbide, which contains two-dimensional sheets of gold within its structure. They then etched away the surrounding material using a potassium-based solution, leaving behind the goldene sheets.

“The good news was that we were freeing goldene,” Hultman says. “The bad news was that as the goldene was freed, it started to curl up on itself like a scroll.” To keep the goldene sheets flat, the team had to add a surfactant to the etching solution.

Looking ahead, the researchers hope to apply a similar etching strategy to produce 2-D sheets of other metals like iridium and platinum, says coauthor Shun Kashiwaya, a materials scientist at Linköping University.