Published June 14, 2024 | Version Published
Publication Open

Does age affect organizational commitment and individual work performance?

Authors/Creators

Description

The study aimed to examine the effect of age on organizational commitment and individual work performance. To broaden and deepen the concepts of the study, literature was reviewed. The study used a descriptive assessment and correlational research design. The population of the study is the employees of the institution. Questionnaires were used to gather the data and weighted mean and Pearson r were used to interpret and analyze the data. The study found that overall, there is no correlation between age and organizational commitment and individual work performance. However, there is a significant correlation between age and affective commitment of the employees which suggests that the older they become, the more affectionate they become to the institution

Files

Does age affect organizational commitment and individual work performance1.pdf

Files (514.7 kB)

Additional details

Identifiers

DOI
10.62025/dwijmh.v3i2.71

Dates

Available
2024-06-14

Software

Repository URL
https://www.dwijmh.org/index.php/dwijmh

References

  • Abdullah, A. (2011). Evaluation of Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment scale: A Cross-Cultural Application in Pakistan. Journal of Education and Vocational Research, 1(3), 80-86. https://doi.org/10.22610/jevr. v1i3.13 Ahmad, N. (2011). Research-based insights inform change in IBM M-learning strategy. Pennsylvania: IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge Ajayi, K.O. & Muraina, K.O. (2016). Collective bargaining as a tool for industrial conflict in organization and conflict resolution. IGI Global: Publisher Timely Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9850-5.ch008 Ajzen, I. (1993). Attitude theory and the attitude-behavior relation. In D. Krebs, & P. Schidt (Eds.). New directions in attitude measurement (pp. 41-57). Walter de Gruyter Alamelu, R., Surulivel, S.T., Motha, L.C.S., Amudha, R. & Selvabaskar, S. (2015). Correlates of employee compensation and commitment. Mediterranean Journal of Social Science, 6(5). https://doi.org/ 10.5901/mjss. 2015.v6n5p335 Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x Ardiansyah, & Afandi, A. (2018). Impact of affective commitments with employee performance moderated organization citizenship behavior. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 304 Armstrong, M. (2013). Managing performance: performance management in action. World Journal of Education, 2 (1), 62-69. Angle, H. L., & Perry, J. L. (1981). An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392596 Ariola, M.M. (2006). Principles and methods of research. Rex Book Store Armstrong M. (2015). Armstrong's handbook of performance management: An evidence-based guide to delivering high performance (5th ed.). Kogan Page. Aslan, M., Yaman, F., Aksu, A., & Gungor, H. (2022). Task performance and job satisfaction under the effect of remote working: Call center evidence. Economics & Sociology, 15(1). Avolio, B. J., Waldman, D. A., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Age and work performance in nonmanagerial jobs: The effects of experience and occupational type. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.2307/256331 Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 745 Balfour, D. L., & Wechsler, B. (1996). Organizational commitment: antecedents and outcomes in public organizations. Public Productivity & Management Review, 19(3), 256–277. https://doi.org/10.2307/3380574 Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: on the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23, 611–626. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611 Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1086/222820 Becker, T. E., Billings, R. S., Eveleth, D. M., & Gilbert, N. L. (1996). Foci and bases of employee commitment: Implications for job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 464–482. https://doi.org/10.2307/256788 Bennett, R.J., & Robinson, S.L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 349–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349 Berry, C.M., Ones, D., & Sackett, P.R. (2007). Interpersonal deviance, organizational deviance, and their common correlates: a review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 410–24. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.410 Best, P.W. (1994). Locus of control, personal commitment and commitment to the organisation. Unpublished MCom thesis. University of South Africa Press. Borman, W.C, Motowidlo S.J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Jossey-Bass. Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. Jossey-Bass. Borman, W.C.& Motowidlo, S.J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In: Schmitt N, Borman WC, eds. Personnel selection in organizations. Jossey Bass. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3 Borman W.C, & Motowidlo S.J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10, 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3 Braun, S. & Hentschel, T. (2015). Group Process in organization. In international encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (Second Edition). Elsevier Campbell, J. (1990). Modelling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. Dunnette & L. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 686–707). Consulting Psychologists Press. Campbell, J. P., McCloy, R. A., Oppler, S. H., & Sager, C. E. (1993). A Theory of performance: In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.). Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 35-70). Jossey-Bass. Campbell, J.P., Hanson, M.A. & Oppler, S.H. (2001). Modelling performance in a population of jobs. Erlbaum Campbell, J.P. (2013b). Leadership, the old, the new, and the timeless: a commentary. Oxford Handbook Online., 401–22. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398793.013.0024 Cambridge Dictionary (n.d). Age. In Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved January 15, 2024, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 746 Ceylan, C. (2020). Management by values in educational organizations: a case study of a technical university. IGI Global: Publisher Timely Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2562-3.ch005. Converso, D., Sottimano, I., Guidetti, G., Loera, B., Cortini, M. & Viotti, S. (2018). Ageing and work ability: The moderating role of job and personal resources. Frontier in Psychology, 8, 2262. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02262 Czaja, S. J. (1995). Ageing and work performance. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 15(2), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X9501500205 Dalal, R.S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90,1241–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1241 Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P.A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning Verbal Behavior, 19(4):450–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(80)90312-6 Department of Labor and Employment. (n.d). Labor code provisions on young workers book III, chapter II-employment of minors. Retrieved May 05, 2024 from https://bwsc.dole.gov.ph/ Diaz-Vilela, L.F. Rodriquez, N.D., Isla-Diaz, R., Diaz-Cebrera, D., Hernandez-Fernaud, E., & Rosales-Sacnchez, C. (2015). Relationships between contextual and task performance and interrater agreement: are there any? Plos One, 10(10). https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0139898 Doğru, C. (2019). The effects of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange on contextual performance: A study in the banking sector. In Handbook of Research on contemporary approaches in management and organizational strategy. IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge Fischer, R., & Mansell, A. (2009). Commitment across cultures: A meta-analytic approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 40 (8), 1339-1358. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27752450. https://doi.org/ 10.1057/jibs.2009.14 Fox, S. & Spector, P.E. (2005). The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), counterproductive work behaviour: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 151–174). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10893-007 Gilinsky, A.S., & Judd, B.B. (1994). Working memory and bias in reasoning across the life span. Psychology of Aging, 9(3):356–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.9.3.356 Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (2008). Behaviour in organizations: Understanding and managing the human side of work. Pearson Prentice Hall. Griffin, M., Neal, A. & Neale, M. (2001). The contribution of task performance and contextual performance to effectiveness: Investigating the role of situational constraints. Applied Psychology, 49(3), 517-533. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1464-0597.00029 Gruys, M.L., & Sackett, P.R. (2003). Investigating the dimensionality of counterproductive work behaviour. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11,30–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2389.00224 Gulino, D. (2022). Assistive technologies and design for people with autism spectrum disorders: A selective overview. IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7430-0.ch003 Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 747 Harrison, D. A., Newman, D. A., & Roth, P. L. (2006). How important are job attitudes? Meta-analytic comparisons of integrative behavioral outcomes and time sequences. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 305-325. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786077 Herrera, J. & Heras-Rosas, C. (2021). The Organizational commitment in the company and its relationship with the psychological contract. Frontier in Psychology, 11, 609211. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609211 Idris, A. M., & Manganaro, M. (2017). Relationships between psychological capital, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in the Saudi oil and petrochemical industries. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 27, 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2017.1279098 ILO Convention 138 (1973). Minimum age convention. Retrieved January 24, 2024, from https://bwsc.dole.gov.ph/ Ispas, D. & Borman, W.C. (2015). Counterproductive work behavior. Elsevier Johnson, R.E. & Chang, C.H. (2006). "I" is to continuance as "we" is too affective: The relevance of the self-concepts for organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 549-570. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/job.364 Just, M.A. & Carpenter, P.A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review, 99(1), 122–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.122 Karapinar, P.B. (2017). Well-being at work: A comprehensive review about its predictors and outcomes. IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge. Kasemsap, K. (2016). A unified framework of organizational perspectives and knowledge management and their impact on job performance. IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge Kasogela, O. K. (2019). The impacts of continuance commitment to job performance: A theoretical model for employees in developing economies like Tanzania. Advanced Journal of Social Science, 5(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.21467/ajss.5.1.93-100 Khan, A.J., Bashir, F., Nasim, E., Ahmad, R. (2021). Understanding affective, normative & continuance commitment through the lens of training & development. IRASD Journal of Management, 3(2), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.52131/jom.2021.0302.0030. Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., de Vet, H. C., & van der Beek, A. J. (2014). Measuring individual work performance: identifying and selecting indicators. Work (Reading, Mass.), 48(2), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-131659 Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C., Hildebrandt, V.H., de Vet, H. C., & van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual framework of individual work performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763 Kose, S.D. & Kose, T. (2017). The effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment of healthcare personnel. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(1), 54-59. https://doi.org/ 10.9790/487X-1901025459 Koskei, T.A.H. & Bogonko, K.J. (2018), Continuance commitment and employee's performance at the university of eastern Africa, Baraton Kenya. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 20(2), 61-67. Lam, J.C.Y., & Lee, M.K.O. (2006). Digital inclusiveness—longitudinal study of internet adoption by older adults. Journal of Management Information System, 22(4), 177–206. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222220407 Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 748 Leedy, P.D. (1974). Practical research: planning and design. Macmillan Leonard, A.C. (2009). Alignment with sound relationships and SLA support. Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-026-4. Li, F., Liu, S., Zhang, F., & Huang, H. (2022). Moderating effects of self-efficacy and time pressure on the relationship between employee aging and work performance. Psychology Research and Behavior Management,15, 1043-1054 https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S359624 Lowry R. J. (1973). AH Maslow: An intellectual portrait. Brooks/Cole Macneil, I.R. (1985). Relational contract: what we do and do not know. Wisconsin Law Review, 483-525. Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedent's Correlate, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171 McCombes, S. (2020). Descriptive research. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/ Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the 'side-bet theory' of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372 Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z Meyer, J.P., Allen, N.J. & Gellatly, I.R. (1990). Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time-lagged relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 710–720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.6.710 Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N.J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace. Theory, research and application. Sage Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the agency: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842 Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991 Miller, K. (2003). Values, attitudes and job satisfaction In Robbins, S.P., Odendaal A. & Roodt, G. (eds). Organizational behavior: Global and southern African perspectives. Pearson Education South Africa. Miller, D. & Lee, J. (2001). The people make the process: Commitment to employees, decision making and performance. Journal of Management, 27, 163–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(00)00094-5 Morrow, P.C. (1993). The theory and measurement of work commitment. Jai. Motowidlo, S. J. (2003). Job performance. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology, 12, 39–53). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motowidlo, S.J. & Van Scotter, J.R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.475 Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 749 Muhammad, S., Afridi, F. K., Ali, M. W., Shah, W. U., & Alasan, I. I. (2021). Effect of training on employee commitment: mediating role of job satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education and Language (PJSEL), 7(1), 28-37. Murphy, K.R. (2019). Performance evaluation will not die, but it should. Human Resource Management Journal, 30(1), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12259 Ngatuni, P. & Gasengayire, J.C. (2021). Moderating role of age in the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees of a special mission organization in Rwanda. The Pan-African Journal of Business Management, 5(2). Nini, M. (2019). Job performance: why task and contextual performance matter from an evidence-based management perspective. CQ Net. https://www.ckju.net/en/ Nye, C.D., Ma, J. & Wee, S. (2022). Cognitive ability and job performance: Meta-analytic evidence for the validity of narrow cognitive abilities. Journal of Business Psychology, 37, 1119–1139 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-022-09796-1 O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: the effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosocial behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 492-499. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492 O'Reilly, C. (1989). Corporations, culture and commitment. California Management Review, 31, 9–24. Organ, D.W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: the good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books Park, D.C., & Festini, S.B. (2017). Theories of memory and ageing: a look at the past and a glimpse of the future. The Journal of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 72(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw066. Perry, E.L. & Bourhis, A.C. (2006). A closer look at the role of applicant age in selection decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(18), 1670-1697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816. 1998.tb01340.x Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B., & Bachrach, D.G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206300026003 Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335 Porter, L. W., & Lawer, E. E. (1965). Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood. Reicher, A.E. (1985). A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment. Academy of Management Review, 10, 465–476. https://doi.org/10.2307/258128 Rietzschel, E.F., Zacher, H., & Stroebe, W. (2016). A lifespan perspective on creativity and innovation at work. Work, Aging Retire, 2(2):105–129. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waw005 Robinson, S.L. & Bennett, R.J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: a multidimensional scaling study. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(2):555-572. https://doi.org/10.2307/256693 Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 750 Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations. Understanding written and unwritten agreements. Sage. Schein, E. (1970). Organizational psychology. Prentice-Hall. Siddiqui, M.N. (2014). The success of an organization is a result of' employees' performance. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 1(4). https://doi.org/ 10.14738/assrj.14.280 Silong, A.D., Daryoush, Y., Omar, Z., & Othman, J. (2013). Improving job performance: workplace learning is the first step. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 1(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.1n.1p.100 Sinaga, A.T.I., Lumbanraja, P., Sadalia, P. & Silalahi, A.S. (2019). The influence of affective commitment on the employee innovative work behavior. SciTePress-Science and Technology Publications. Solinger, O. N., van Olffen, W., & Roe, R. A. (2008). Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 70-83 Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.). Counterproductive work behaviour: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 151–174). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10893-007 Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The dimensionality of counterproductivity: are all counterproductive behaviours created equal? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68 (3), 446-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.005 Steers, R.M. (1975). Problems in the measurement of organizational effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20, 546-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392022 Steinhaus, C. S., & Perry, J. L. (1996). Organizational commitment: does sector matter? Public Productivity & Management Review, 19(3), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.2307/3380575 Tarmidi, D. & Arsjah, R.J. (2019). Employee and organizational performance: impact of employee internal and external factors, moderated by online application. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 57. https://doi.org/ 10.7176/JRDM/57-04 Triwahyuni, R. & Ekowati, V.M. (2017). The effect of employee satisfaction on employee performance through organizational commitment. Management and Economic Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v1i1.4525 Turanlıgil, F.G. (2019). Work-life balance in the tourism industry. IGI Global Publisher of Timely Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5760-9.ch010 Vandenberghe, C., Mignonac, K., & Manville, C. (2015). When normative commitment leads to lower well-being and reduced performance. Human Relations, 68(5), 843-870. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726714547060 Van Eerde, W. (2016). Counterproductive work behavior. Elsevier. Vaughan, R.S, & Laborde, S. (2021). Attention, working-memory control, working-memory capacity, and sports performance: the moderating role of athletic expertise. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(2):240–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1739143 Abun et al.,Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities 3(2)(2024) 732-752 751 Veeraragavan, P. & Arulkumar, S. (2021). Impact of task performance on job satisfaction of IT employees. Contemporary Economic Policy, 27(4). htpps://doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2021.27.08.049 Viswesvaran, C. (2002). Assessment of individual job performance: a review of the past century and a look ahead. In: Anderson N, Ones DS, Sinangil HK, Viswesvaran C, eds. Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology. Sage Publications Ltd; 110–126 Viviani, C.A., Bravo, G., Lavalliere, M., Arezes, P.M., Martinez, M., Dianat, I. Branganca, S & Castellucci, H.I. (2021). Productivity in older versus younger workers: a systematic literature review. Work, 68, 577 – 618. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-203396 Wechsler, B. & Balfour, D.L. (1996). New approaches to organizational commitment: a symposium introduction. Public Productivity & Management Review, 19(3), 253–255. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3380573 ZGLAW (2018). R.A. NO. 10911: Eliminating age discrimination in employment. https://zglaw.com/ Zhou, Z. (2020). Counterproductive work behavior. Oxford Bibliographies. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com