Xerolycosa miniata (C.L. Koch, 1834) (侏ªDƃ)

Figures 2A–D, 3A–I, 4A–E, 5A–C, 14

Lycosa miniata C.L. Koch, 1834: 123, pl. 13–14.

Xerolycosa miniata: Dahl 1908: 361, 364, fig. 58 (♂ ♀); Hu & Wu 1989: 238, fig. 196.1–2 (♀); Almquist 2005: 251, fig. 245a–f (♂ ♀); Marusik et al. 2011: 15, figs 6–7, 22, 27–28, 31–34 (♂ ♀).

Pardosa sinensis Yin, Wang, Peng & Xie, 1995: 18, figs 25–26 (♀); Yin et al. 1997: 233, fig. 110b–c (♀); Song et al. 1999: 334, fig. 198G (♀). New synonymy

Evippa sinensis: Fomichev 2022: 2016.

For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2023).

Type material. Pardosa sinensis, female holotype from China (without further detail) deposited in HNU, examined. Xerolycosa miniata, without more information, not examined.

Additional material examined. CHINA: Xinjiang: 2 males and 2 females, Tekesi County, Tekesi River, 43°12.400′N, 81°52.473′E, elev. 1169 m, 20 May 2009, S. Dong & Y.W. Zhao leg. (SWUC); 1 male and 6 females, Atushi City, West Mountain, 39°41.133′N, 76°9.659′E, elev. 150 m, 20 June 2009, S. Dong & Y.W. Zhao leg. (SWUC); 1 male, Jimunai County, 186 Tuan, 47°30.255′N, 85°39.050′E, elev. 834 m, 13 June 2009, C.L. Zhang & Z. Pan leg. (SWUC); 10 males and 9 females, Xinyuan County, Nalati Town, 43°18.379′N, 84°08.514′E, elev. 1500 m, 8 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 1 male and 2 females, Nileke County, Tuotie Village, 43°39.773′N, 82°44.360′E, elev. 1283 m, 8 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 1 male and 1 female, Nileke County, Kemeng Town, Kashi River, 43°46.289′N, 82°38.487′E, elev. 1149 m, 9 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 1 male and 1 female, Zhaosu County, Race course, 43°03.113′N, 80°59.666′E, elev. 1720 m, 10 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 2 females, Tacheng City, Emin River, 46°28.399′N, 82°48.917′E, elev. 445 m, 12 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 2 males, Emin County, 46°19.130′N, 83°51.809′E, elev. 725 m, 13 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 1 female, Aletai City, 47°39.329′N, 88°01.155′E, elev. 662 m, 15 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 3 males and 2 females, Fuyun County, Keketuohai, 47°13.044′N, 89°45.202′E, elev. 1119 m, 16 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg. (SWUC); 1 male, Urumchi City, Wulapo Reservoir, 43°38.217′N, 87°38.318′E, elev. 1113 m, 21 June 2014, L.Y. Wang & X.K. Jiang leg (SWUC).

Diagnosis. This species can be differentiated from other congeners by the ventral process of median apophysis round in retrolateral view in X. miniata (Fig. 2B) vs. somewhat triangular in both Xerolycosa mongolica (Schenkel, 1963) and X. nemoralis (Westring, 1861) (Figs 6B, 9B); conductor narrow, with the tip thumb-shaped in retrolateral view in X. miniata (Fig. 2B) vs. sheet-like, with rounded tip in Xerolycosa mongolica (Fig. 6B) and distal end slightly curved, with rectangle-shaped tip in X. nemoralis (Fig. 9B). The female genitalia is distinctive by the atria longer than wide, septal stem width less than a half of septal width, distance between spermathecae stalks as almost equal as the diameter of spermathecal heads (Figs 2C–D, 3H–I, 5B–C).

Description. Male (Fig. 3A) total length 5.56. Carapace 3.22 long, 2.10 wide; opisthosoma 2.38 long, 1.79 wide. Carapace black brown, with a wide white median band. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.09, PME 0.23, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.22, PME–PLE 0.25. Clypeus height 0.12. Chelicerae brown. Labium and endites yellow brown. Sternum black brown, with brown setae. Leg measurements: I 6.97 (1.88, 2.33, 1.54, 1.22); II 6.60 (1.81, 2.07, 1.55, 1.17); III 6.34 (1.75, 1.97, 1.60, 1.02); IV 9.34 (2.38, 2.78, 2.67, 1.51). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum gray brown, with white and black mark, cardiac mark yellow brown. Venter brown.

Palp (Figs 2A–B, 3C–G, 4A–E). Subtegulum baso-prolaterally located. Terminal apophysis membranous and wide, with a bifurcate tip. The anterior branch stronger than the posterior one. Embolus strong, curved, almost a semicircle. Conductor small and membranous. Median apophysis strong, with a deep groove retrolaterally and a rounded ventral process.

Female (Fig. 3B) total length 5.40. Carapace 2.67 long, 1.95 wide; opisthosoma 3.07 long, 1.85 wide, color as in male. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.20, PLE 0.18; AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.27. Clypeus height 0.11. Leg measurements: I 6.12 (1.74, 2.09, 1.27, 1.02); II 6.05 (1.72, 2.01, 1.31, 1.01); III 5.97 (1.61, 1.88, 1.55, 0.93); IV 8.69 (2.16, 2.65, 2.59, 1.29). Leg formula: 4123.

Epigyne (Figs 2C–D, 3H–I, 5B–C). Septum wide, nose-shaped, with short and narrower stem than the width. Atria large, slightly longer than wide. Copulatory openings located at posterior end under the lateral margins of septum. Spermathecal heads ball-like, stalks long and twisty, with about the same distance as the width of spermathecal heads.

Remarks. The female holotype of Pardosa sinensis (Figs 5A–C) is clearly conspecific with females of X. miniata. However, the male allotype of P. sinensis (examined, in HUC) shows it would be a species of Pardosinae (Fig. 15) and will be revised after checking all species of Chinese Pardosinae.

Distribution. China (Xinjiang, Fig. 14); Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia.