Ancient Healing Practices Inform Modern Tissue Regeneration Breakthrough

doi:10.5281/zenodo.11510900

Published June 7, 2024 | Version v1

Publication Open

Ancient Healing Practices Inform Modern Tissue Regeneration Breakthrough

danny

For centuries, civilizations have utilized naturally occurring inorganic materials for their healing properties. Egyptians believed green copper ore alleviated eye inflammation, the Chinese used cinnabar for heartburn, and Native Americans applied clay to reduce soreness and inflammation. Today, researchers at Texas A&M University continue to uncover innovative ways these materials can promote healing.

In two recently published studies, Dr. Akhilesh Gaharwar, a Tim and Amy Leach Endowed Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Dr. Irtisha Singh, an assistant professor in the Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, have identified new methods for using inorganic materials in tissue repair and regeneration.

The first study, published in Acta Biomaterialia, demonstrates how inorganic ions can activate cellular pathways in stem cells to promote bone and cartilage formation. The second study, published in Advanced Science, investigates the use of mineral-based nanomaterials, specifically 2D nanosilicates, to support musculoskeletal regeneration.

"These investigations apply cutting-edge, high-throughput molecular methods to clarify how inorganic biomaterials affect stem cell behavior and tissue regenerative processes," Singh said.

Inducing natural bone formation has the potential to improve treatment outcomes, accelerate patient recovery, and reduce the need for invasive procedures and long-term medication.

"Enhancing bone density and formation in patients with osteoporosis can help mitigate fracture risks, strengthen bones, improve quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs," Gaharwar explained. "These insights pave the way for next-generation biomaterials that offer a more natural and sustainable approach to healing."

This novel approach stands apart from current regeneration methods, which often rely on organic or biologically derived molecules, offering tailored solutions for complex medical issues.

"One of the most significant findings from our research is the ability of these nanosilicates to stabilize stem cells in a state conducive to skeletal tissue regeneration," Gaharwar noted. "This is crucial for promoting controlled and sustained bone growth, addressing a major challenge in current regenerative therapies."

Gaharwar recently received an R01 grant from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research to further develop these biomaterials for clinical applications. The grant will support the use of inorganic biomaterials alongside 3D bioprinting techniques to design custom bone implants for reconstructive injuries.

"In reconstructive surgery, especially for craniofacial defects, induced bone growth is vital for restoring both function and appearance, essential for activities like chewing, breathing, and speaking," he said. "Inducing bone formation has numerous critical applications in orthopedics and dentistry."

Former biomedical engineering graduate student Dr. Anna Kersey '23 led the Acta Biomaterialia study, while current graduate student Aparna Murali was the lead author for the Advanced Science follow-up.

"This approach not only bridges ancient practices with modern scientific methods but also minimizes the use of protein therapeutics, which carry risks of abnormal tissue growth and cancer," Gaharwar added. "Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of inorganic biomaterials to act as powerful mediators in tissue engineering and regenerative strategies, marking a significant advancement in the field."

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