Published June 2, 2024 | Version SoW23_v0.1
Dataset Open

State of Wildfires 2023-24 - ConFire data

  • 1. ROR icon UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
  • 2. ROR icon Universidade Federal de São Carlos
  • 3. ROR icon National Institute for Space Research
  • 4. ROR icon Met Office
  • 5. ROR icon University of East Anglia
  • 6. ROR icon University of Reading
  • 7. ROR icon University of Exeter
  • 8. ROR icon The Alan Turing Institute
  • 9. ROR icon European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  • 10. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
  • 1. Federal University of São Carlos
  • 2. ROR icon National Institute for Space Research
  • 3. ROR icon Met Office
  • 4. ROR icon University of East Anglia
  • 5. ROR icon University of Reading
  • 6. ROR icon University of Exeter
  • 7. ROR icon The Alan Turing Institute
  • 8. ROR icon European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

Description

This contains driving and output data used by ConFire in the State of Wildfire’s 2023/24 report. All NetCDF files are on regular, 0.5-degree grids on a monthly timestep over the three regions used and defined in the report.

 

Driving Data

The “Driving_data” directory contains data used to run the ConFire model and produce analyses. This directory is divided into three focal regions, with NW_Amazon corresponding to the report's “Western Amazonia”. Each region contains the following files:

  • raw_burnt_area.nc: The original 0.25-degree burnt area dataset before being regridded for use in ConFire.
  • nrt: Near Real Time (NRT) driving data used for driver identification.
  • isimip3a: ISIMIP3a data used for attribution.
  • isimip3b: ISIMIP3b GCM bias-corrected data used for future projections.

NRT

Within the nrt directory, data is organized by periods, with the numbers corresponding to the year range. The report utilizes the period_2013_2023 directory, which contains the NetCDF files in the table below.

Filename ending with the following show:

12Annual – 12 month running mean

  • 12monthMax – 12 month running maximum
  • Deficity – current month over 12 month running mean
  • Quarter – 3 month running mean


Not all were used in the final analysis. For full data info, see Table 3 of the report https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-218:

NetCDF File Variable Used/Not Used Source Notes
burnt_area.nc Burnt Area As training data    
cropland.nc Cropland Used HYDE Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011
d2m.nc 2m Dewpoint Temperature Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
DeadFuelFoilage-cvh_C.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
DeadFuelFoilage-cvl_C.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
DeadFuelFoilage.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
DeadFuelWood-cvh_C.nc Dead Wood Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
DeadFuelWood-cvl_C.nc Dead Wood Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
DeadFuelWood.nc Dead Wood Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-12Annual.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-12monthMax.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-Deficity.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-Quater.nc Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood-12Annual.nc Dead Wood Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood-12monthMax.nc Dead Wood Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood-Deficity.nc Dead Wood Fuel Moisture Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood.nc Dead Wood Fuel Moisture Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Live-12Annual.nc Live Fuel Moisture Content Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Live-12monthMax.nc Live Fuel Moisture Content Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Live-Deficity.nc Live Fuel Moisture Content Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Live.nc Live Fuel Moisture Content Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
Fuel-Moisture-Live-Quater.nc Live Fuel Moisture Content Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
grazing_land.nc Grazing Land Not Used    
lightn.nc Lightning Used LIS/OTD Cecil et al., 2014
LiveFuelFoilage-cvh_C.nc Live Leaf Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
LiveFuelFoilage-cvl_C.nc Live Leaf Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
LiveFuelFoilage.nc Live Leaf Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
LiveFuelWood-cvh_C.nc Live Wood Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
LiveFuelWood-cvl_C.nc Live Wood Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
LiveFuelWood.nc Live Wood Fuel Load Not Used Fuel Model McNorton et al. 2024a
pasture.nc Pasture Used HYDE Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011
population_density.nc Population Density Used    
rangeland.nc Rangeland Not Used    
rural_population.nc Rural Population Used HYDE Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011
snowCover.nc Snow Cover Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
t2m.nc 2m Temperature Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
total_irrigated.nc Irrigated Area Not Used    
tp-12Annual.nc Precipitation Not Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
tp-12monthMax.nc Precipitation Not Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
tp-Deficity.nc Precipitation Not Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
tp.nc Precipitation Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
tp-Quater.nc Precipitation Not Used ERA5-Land Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021
urban_population.nc Urban Population Used HYDE Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011
VOD-12Annual.nc Mean & Max VOD Used Satellite (SMOS) Wigneron et al 2021
VOD-12monthMax.nc Mean & Max VOD Used Satellite (SMOS) Wigneron et al 2021
VOD-Deficity.nc Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) Not Used Satellite (SMOS) Wigneron et al 2021
VOD.nc Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) Used Satellite (SMOS) Wigneron et al 2021
VOD-Quater.nc Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) Not Used Satellite (SMOS) Wigneron et al 2021
 
 

ISIMIP3a

The isimip3a directory follows the structure: <<experiment>>/<<reanalysis_source>>/period_yyyy_yyyy/.

  • <<experiment>>: Can be either:
    • obsclim: Reanalysis targeting observed climate.
    • counterclim: Detrended obsclim approximating climate without climate change.
  • <<reanalysis_source>>: Currently contains only GSWP3-W5E5, with more sources to follow in subsequent years.
  • yyyy_yyyy: Corresponds to the year range.

For attribution experiments in the report, the following directories are used:

  • Factual: obsclim/GSWP3-W5E5/period_2002_2019/
  • Counterfactual: counterclim/GSWP3-W5E5/period_2002_2019/
  • Early Industrial: counterclim/GSWP3-W5E5/period_1901_1920/

Additional details on setting the temporal range for the report can be found here.

ISIMIP3b

The isimip3b directory structure is similar to ISIMIP3a: <<experiment>>/<<GCM>>/period_yyyy_yyyy/.

  • <<experiment>> includes:
    • historical: Historical GCM output.
    • ssp126
    • ssp370
    • ssp585
  • <<GCM>>: Refers to the General Circulation Model used.
  • yyyy_yyyy: Corresponds to the year range.

Both ISIMIP3a and ISIMIP3b contain the same NetCDF files, as follows:

netcdf file variable used/not used source Notes
consec_dry_mean.nc Max. consecutive dry days used

ISIMIP3a/3b

Based on precipitation
crop_jules-es.nc Cropland used ISIMIP3a/3b Interpolated from annual to monthly
debiased_nonetree_cover_jules-es.nc Total vegetation cover not used JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus Non-tree vegetated cover simulated by JULES and bias-corrected
debiased_tree_cover_jules-es.nc Tree Cover not used JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus Annual mean tree cover bias-corrected to VCF
dry_days.nc No. dry days used ISIMIP3a/3b Fractional number of days with rainfall < 0.1mm/m
filled_debiased_nonetree_cover_jules-es.nc Total vegetation cover used JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus Filled and bias-corrected non-tree vegetated cover
filled_debiased_tree_cover_jules-es.nc Tree Cover used JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus Filled and bias-corrected tree cover
filled_debiased_vegCover_jules-es.nc Total vegetation cover used JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus Filled and bias-corrected vegetation cover
lightning.nc Lightning used ISIMIP3a Climatology
nonetree_cover_jules-es.nc Total vegetation cover not used JULES-ES-ISIMIP  Non-tree vegetated cover simulated by JULES
pasture_jules-es.nc Pasture used ISIMIP3a/3b Interpolated from annual to monthly
pr_mean.nc Precipitation used ISIMIP3a/3b Monthly mean precipitation
tas_max.nc Maximum monthly temperature used ISIMIP3a/3b Maximum of maximum daily temperature within the month
tas_mean.nc Mean monthly temperature used ISIMIP3a/3b Daily mean temperature
tree_cover_jules-es.nc Tree Cover not used JULES-ES-ISIMIP  Annual mean tree cover bias-corrected to VCF
urban_jules-es.nc Urban fraction used JULES-ES Urban area fraction
vpd_max.nc Maximum monthly VPD used ISIMIP3a/3b Maximum of daily VPD values
vpd_mean.nc Mean monthly VPD used ISIMIP3a/3b Mean of daily VPD values
nontree_cover_VCF-obs.nc Total vegetation cover not used VCF Non-tree vegetated cover observed
nontree_raw_VCF-obs.nc Total vegetation cover not used  VCF Raw non-tree vegetated cover observed
nonveg_cover_VCF-obs.nc Non-vegetated cover not used  VCF Observed non-vegetated cover
nonveg_raw_VCF-obs.nc Non-vegetated cover not used  VCF Raw observed non-vegetated cover
tree_cover_VCF-obs.nc Tree Cover not used  VCF Observed tree cover
tree_raw_VCF-obs.nc Tree Cover not used  VCF Raw observed tree cover

ISIMIP3a/3b is detailed in Frieler et al. (2024) and raw data can be obtained from https://data.ISIMIP.org

While not used as driving data, VCF is used to proceed bias corrected driving data. VCF is taken from MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields collection 6.1 remote sensed data for <60॰N DiMiceli et al. (2022) and collection 6 for <60॰N DiMiceli et al. (2015). JULES-ES (Mathison et al. 2023) was driven  using the corresponding ISIMIP datasets.

Outputs

Outputs contain the ConFire outputs when driven with the provided datasets. The directories are named according to the regions, and for each region, there are four sets of outputs:

  • isimip-evaluation1
  • isimip-final.tar
  • nrt-evaluation1
  • nrt-final

Each of these directories contains the following files necessary for rerunning the model without redoing the optimization. While you are unlikely to need to look at these files, they are useful for setting up your own model experiments (see the ConFire configuration settings):

  • scalers-_*.csv
  • trace-_*.nc
  • variables_info-_*.txt

Additionally, there are two other directories:

  • figs: Contains automatically generated figures and some of their outputs.
  • sample: Contains model outputs.

Within the sample directory, there is a subdirectory indicating the model run name, which contains a series of experiments. These experiments differ for each run (see below), and each experiment contains some or all of the following directories:

  • Evaluate: Contains the burnt area from the full model including stochastic parameters. Often used for evaluation (see report supplement for more information).
  • Control: Contains burnt area driven purely by driving datasets with stochasticity. Used as the control in most of the analysis.
  • Standard_X: A series of directories with burnt areas from individual controls. This describes the burnt area in the presence of that control in otherwise ideal burning conditions. The numbers are:
    • 0: Fuel load for all runs
    • 1: Fuel moisture for all runs
    • 2: Fire weather for NRT and ignitions for ISIMIP3a
    • 3: Ignitions for ISIMIP3a and suppression for ISIMIP3a
    • 4: Suppression for NRT
    • 5: Snow for NRT

Within each of these directories is a series of ensemble members sample-predX.nc. Within the same optimization (i.e., the same model run, so across all experiments), samples are paired, meaning the sample-predX.nc corresponds to the sample in another experiment.

Experiments

isimip-evaluation1 & nrt-evaluation1

The only experiment for evaluation is called baseline, which has an 'Evaluate' and 'Control' run and is used to evaluate the model. Automatically generated evaluation figures can be found in the figs/ directory.

nrt-final

This also contains only one run, baseline, but includes runs for each of the controls.

isimip-final

This has more runs:

  • factual: Uses the ISIMIP3a obsclim driving dataset (see driving dataset above).
  • counterfactual: Uses the ISIMIP3a counterclim dataset.
  • early_industrial: Uses the early period ISIMIP3a counterclim dataset.
  • historical/<<GCM>>/, ssp126/<<GCM>>/, ssp370/<<GCM>>/, ssp585/<<GCM>>/: Uses the ISIMIP3b datasets outlined above, where <<GCM>> is one of each of the five GCMs used in ISIMIP3b.

Additional Analysis

The analysis in the report also utilizes 95th and 90th percentile burnt area totals. These aren't as neatly organized as the NetCDF files yet, but we’re getting there. They can be found in:

figs/ _13-frac_points_0.5-<<experiment>>-control_TS/<<GCM>>-control_TS/pc-%%/ points-<<run>>.csv

Files

Files (47.0 GB)

Name Size Download all
md5:94d9187d191c8df232d2d889dea8b1c6
4.2 GB Download
md5:c66d25d8c5dfc29b1eff3da32745fecb
42.7 GB Download

Additional details

Related works

Is supplement to
Model: 10.5281/zenodo.11460232 (DOI)
Journal article: 10.5194/essd-2024-218 (DOI)

Funding

Natural Environment Research Council
NC-International Programme NE/X006247/1
UK Research and Innovation
TerraFIRMA: Future Impacts Risks and Mitigation Actions NE/W004895/1
Met Office
Department for Science, Innovation & Technology Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) Brazil
Natural Environment Research Council
Fellowship Award NE/V01417X/1
European Commission
Joint Research Center 942604

Software

References

  • Frieler, K., Volkholz, J., Lange, S., Schewe, J., Mengel, M., del Rocío Rivas López, M., Otto, C., Reyer, C. P. O., Karger, D. N., Malle, J. T., Treu, S., Menz, C., Blanchard, J. L., Harrison, C. S., Petrik, C. M., Eddy, T. D., Ortega-Cisneros, K., Novaglio, C., Rousseau, Y., Watson, R. A., Stock, C., Liu, X., Heneghan, R., Tittensor, D., Maury, O., Büchner, M., Vogt, T., Wang, T., Sun, F., Sauer, I. J., Koch, J., Vanderkelen, I., Jägermeyr, J., Müller, C., Rabin, S., Klar, J., Vega del Valle, I. D., Lasslop, G., Chadburn, S., Burke, E., Gallego-Sala, A., Smith, N., Chang, J., Hantson, S., Burton, C., Gädeke, A., Li, F., Gosling, S. N., Müller Schmied, H., Hattermann, F., Wang, J., Yao, F., Hickler, T., Marcé, R., Pierson, D., Thiery, W., Mercado-Bettín, D., Ladwig, R., Ayala-Zamora, A. I., Forrest, M., and Bechtold, M.: Scenario setup and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a), Geoscientific Model Development, 17, 1–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024, 2024.
  • DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Kim, D.-H., Kelly, M., and Townshend, J.: MOD44B MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD44B.006, 2015.
  • DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Huang, C., Hansen, M., and Townshend, J.: Annual Global Automated MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (MOD44B) at 250 m Spatial Resolution for Data Years Beginning Day 65, 2000-2010, Collection 5 Percent Tree Cover, University of Maryland, 2017.
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  • Wigneron, J.-P., Li, X., Frappart, F., Fan, L., Al-Yaari, A., De Lannoy, G., Liu, X., Wang, M., Le Masson, E., and Moisy, C.: SMOS-IC data record of soil moisture and L-VOD: Historical development, applications and perspectives, Remote Sensing of Environment, 254, 112238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112238, 2021.
  • McNorton, J. R. and Di Giuseppe, F.: A global fuel characteristic model and dataset for wildfire prediction, Biogeosciences, 21, 279–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-279-2024, 2024.
  • Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., Van Drecht, G., and De Vos, M.: The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years: HYDE 3.1 Holocene land use, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 73–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x, 2011.
  • Muñoz-Sabater, J., Dutra, E., Agustí-Panareda, A., Albergel, C., Arduini, G., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S., Choulga, M., Harrigan, S., Hersbach, H., Martens, B., Miralles, D. G., Piles, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, N. J., Zsoter, E., Buontempo, C., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications, Earth System Science Data, 13, 4349–4383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4349-2021, 2021.
  • Cecil, D. J., Buechler, D. E., and Blakeslee, R. J.: Gridded lightning climatology from TRMM-LIS and OTD: Dataset description, Atmospheric Research, 135–136, 404–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.028, 2014.