State of Wildfires 2023-24 - ConFire data
Creators
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Kelley, Douglas
(Contact person)1
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Ferreira Barbosa, Maria Lucia
(Data collector)2, 3
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Burke, Eleanor
(Data collector)4
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Burton, Chantelle
(Data collector)4
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Bradley, Anna
(Data curator)4
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Jones, Matthew
(Data collector)5
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Spuler, Fiona
(Data collector)6
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Wessel, Jakob
(Data collector)7, 8
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McNorton, Joe
(Data collector)9
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Francesca, Di Giuseppe
(Data collector)10
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1.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
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2.
Universidade Federal de São Carlos
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3.
National Institute for Space Research
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4.
Met Office
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5.
University of East Anglia
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6.
University of Reading
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7.
University of Exeter
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8.
The Alan Turing Institute
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9.
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
- 10. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
Contributors
Contact person:
Data collectors:
Data curators:
Researcher:
Description
This contains driving and output data used by ConFire in the State of Wildfire’s 2023/24 report. All NetCDF files are on regular, 0.5-degree grids on a monthly timestep over the three regions used and defined in the report.
Driving Data
The “Driving_data” directory contains data used to run the ConFire model and produce analyses. This directory is divided into three focal regions, with NW_Amazon corresponding to the report's “Western Amazonia”. Each region contains the following files:
- raw_burnt_area.nc: The original 0.25-degree burnt area dataset before being regridded for use in ConFire.
- nrt: Near Real Time (NRT) driving data used for driver identification.
- isimip3a: ISIMIP3a data used for attribution.
- isimip3b: ISIMIP3b GCM bias-corrected data used for future projections.
NRT
Within the nrt directory, data is organized by periods, with the numbers corresponding to the year range. The report utilizes the period_2013_2023 directory, which contains the NetCDF files in the table below.
Filename ending with the following show:
12Annual – 12 month running mean
- 12monthMax – 12 month running maximum
- Deficity – current month over 12 month running mean
- Quarter – 3 month running mean
Not all were used in the final analysis. For full data info, see Table 3 of the report https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-218:
NetCDF File | Variable | Used/Not Used | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
burnt_area.nc | Burnt Area | As training data | ||
cropland.nc | Cropland | Used | HYDE | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011 |
d2m.nc | 2m Dewpoint Temperature | Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
DeadFuelFoilage-cvh_C.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
DeadFuelFoilage-cvl_C.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
DeadFuelFoilage.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
DeadFuelWood-cvh_C.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
DeadFuelWood-cvl_C.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
DeadFuelWood.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-12Annual.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-12monthMax.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-Deficity.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture | Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Foilage-Quater.nc | Dead Foliage Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood-12Annual.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood-12monthMax.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood-Deficity.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Moisture | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Dead-Wood.nc | Dead Wood Fuel Moisture | Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Live-12Annual.nc | Live Fuel Moisture Content | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Live-12monthMax.nc | Live Fuel Moisture Content | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Live-Deficity.nc | Live Fuel Moisture Content | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Live.nc | Live Fuel Moisture Content | Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
Fuel-Moisture-Live-Quater.nc | Live Fuel Moisture Content | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
grazing_land.nc | Grazing Land | Not Used | ||
lightn.nc | Lightning | Used | LIS/OTD | Cecil et al., 2014 |
LiveFuelFoilage-cvh_C.nc | Live Leaf Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
LiveFuelFoilage-cvl_C.nc | Live Leaf Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
LiveFuelFoilage.nc | Live Leaf Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
LiveFuelWood-cvh_C.nc | Live Wood Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
LiveFuelWood-cvl_C.nc | Live Wood Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
LiveFuelWood.nc | Live Wood Fuel Load | Not Used | Fuel Model | McNorton et al. 2024a |
pasture.nc | Pasture | Used | HYDE | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011 |
population_density.nc | Population Density | Used | ||
rangeland.nc | Rangeland | Not Used | ||
rural_population.nc | Rural Population | Used | HYDE | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011 |
snowCover.nc | Snow Cover | Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
t2m.nc | 2m Temperature | Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
total_irrigated.nc | Irrigated Area | Not Used | ||
tp-12Annual.nc | Precipitation | Not Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
tp-12monthMax.nc | Precipitation | Not Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
tp-Deficity.nc | Precipitation | Not Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
tp.nc | Precipitation | Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
tp-Quater.nc | Precipitation | Not Used | ERA5-Land | Muñoz-Sabater et al. 2021 |
urban_population.nc | Urban Population | Used | HYDE | Klein Goldewijk et al., 2011 |
VOD-12Annual.nc | Mean & Max VOD | Used | Satellite (SMOS) | Wigneron et al 2021 |
VOD-12monthMax.nc | Mean & Max VOD | Used | Satellite (SMOS) | Wigneron et al 2021 |
VOD-Deficity.nc | Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) | Not Used | Satellite (SMOS) | Wigneron et al 2021 |
VOD.nc | Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) | Used | Satellite (SMOS) | Wigneron et al 2021 |
VOD-Quater.nc | Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) | Not Used | Satellite (SMOS) | Wigneron et al 2021 |
ISIMIP3a
The isimip3a directory follows the structure: <<experiment>>/<<reanalysis_source>>/period_yyyy_yyyy/.
- <<experiment>>: Can be either:
- obsclim: Reanalysis targeting observed climate.
- counterclim: Detrended obsclim approximating climate without climate change.
- <<reanalysis_source>>: Currently contains only GSWP3-W5E5, with more sources to follow in subsequent years.
- yyyy_yyyy: Corresponds to the year range.
For attribution experiments in the report, the following directories are used:
- Factual: obsclim/GSWP3-W5E5/period_2002_2019/
- Counterfactual: counterclim/GSWP3-W5E5/period_2002_2019/
- Early Industrial: counterclim/GSWP3-W5E5/period_1901_1920/
Additional details on setting the temporal range for the report can be found here.
ISIMIP3b
The isimip3b directory structure is similar to ISIMIP3a: <<experiment>>/<<GCM>>/period_yyyy_yyyy/.
- <<experiment>> includes:
- historical: Historical GCM output.
- ssp126
- ssp370
- ssp585
- <<GCM>>: Refers to the General Circulation Model used.
- yyyy_yyyy: Corresponds to the year range.
Both ISIMIP3a and ISIMIP3b contain the same NetCDF files, as follows:
netcdf file | variable | used/not used | source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
consec_dry_mean.nc | Max. consecutive dry days | used |
ISIMIP3a/3b |
Based on precipitation |
crop_jules-es.nc | Cropland | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Interpolated from annual to monthly |
debiased_nonetree_cover_jules-es.nc | Total vegetation cover | not used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus | Non-tree vegetated cover simulated by JULES and bias-corrected |
debiased_tree_cover_jules-es.nc | Tree Cover | not used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus | Annual mean tree cover bias-corrected to VCF |
dry_days.nc | No. dry days | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Fractional number of days with rainfall < 0.1mm/m |
filled_debiased_nonetree_cover_jules-es.nc | Total vegetation cover | used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus | Filled and bias-corrected non-tree vegetated cover |
filled_debiased_tree_cover_jules-es.nc | Tree Cover | used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus | Filled and bias-corrected tree cover |
filled_debiased_vegCover_jules-es.nc | Total vegetation cover | used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP VCF using ibicus | Filled and bias-corrected vegetation cover |
lightning.nc | Lightning | used | ISIMIP3a | Climatology |
nonetree_cover_jules-es.nc | Total vegetation cover | not used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP | Non-tree vegetated cover simulated by JULES |
pasture_jules-es.nc | Pasture | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Interpolated from annual to monthly |
pr_mean.nc | Precipitation | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Monthly mean precipitation |
tas_max.nc | Maximum monthly temperature | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Maximum of maximum daily temperature within the month |
tas_mean.nc | Mean monthly temperature | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Daily mean temperature |
tree_cover_jules-es.nc | Tree Cover | not used | JULES-ES-ISIMIP | Annual mean tree cover bias-corrected to VCF |
urban_jules-es.nc | Urban fraction | used | JULES-ES | Urban area fraction |
vpd_max.nc | Maximum monthly VPD | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Maximum of daily VPD values |
vpd_mean.nc | Mean monthly VPD | used | ISIMIP3a/3b | Mean of daily VPD values |
nontree_cover_VCF-obs.nc | Total vegetation cover | not used | VCF | Non-tree vegetated cover observed |
nontree_raw_VCF-obs.nc | Total vegetation cover | not used | VCF | Raw non-tree vegetated cover observed |
nonveg_cover_VCF-obs.nc | Non-vegetated cover | not used | VCF | Observed non-vegetated cover |
nonveg_raw_VCF-obs.nc | Non-vegetated cover | not used | VCF | Raw observed non-vegetated cover |
tree_cover_VCF-obs.nc | Tree Cover | not used | VCF | Observed tree cover |
tree_raw_VCF-obs.nc | Tree Cover | not used | VCF | Raw observed tree cover |
ISIMIP3a/3b is detailed in Frieler et al. (2024) and raw data can be obtained from https://data.ISIMIP.org
While not used as driving data, VCF is used to proceed bias corrected driving data. VCF is taken from MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields collection 6.1 remote sensed data for <60॰N DiMiceli et al. (2022) and collection 6 for <60॰N DiMiceli et al. (2015). JULES-ES (Mathison et al. 2023) was driven using the corresponding ISIMIP datasets.
Outputs
Outputs contain the ConFire outputs when driven with the provided datasets. The directories are named according to the regions, and for each region, there are four sets of outputs:
- isimip-evaluation1
- isimip-final.tar
- nrt-evaluation1
- nrt-final
Each of these directories contains the following files necessary for rerunning the model without redoing the optimization. While you are unlikely to need to look at these files, they are useful for setting up your own model experiments (see the ConFire configuration settings):
- scalers-_*.csv
- trace-_*.nc
- variables_info-_*.txt
Additionally, there are two other directories:
- figs: Contains automatically generated figures and some of their outputs.
- sample: Contains model outputs.
Within the sample directory, there is a subdirectory indicating the model run name, which contains a series of experiments. These experiments differ for each run (see below), and each experiment contains some or all of the following directories:
- Evaluate: Contains the burnt area from the full model including stochastic parameters. Often used for evaluation (see report supplement for more information).
- Control: Contains burnt area driven purely by driving datasets with stochasticity. Used as the control in most of the analysis.
- Standard_X: A series of directories with burnt areas from individual controls. This describes the burnt area in the presence of that control in otherwise ideal burning conditions. The numbers are:
- 0: Fuel load for all runs
- 1: Fuel moisture for all runs
- 2: Fire weather for NRT and ignitions for ISIMIP3a
- 3: Ignitions for ISIMIP3a and suppression for ISIMIP3a
- 4: Suppression for NRT
- 5: Snow for NRT
Within each of these directories is a series of ensemble members sample-predX.nc. Within the same optimization (i.e., the same model run, so across all experiments), samples are paired, meaning the sample-predX.nc corresponds to the sample in another experiment.
Experiments
isimip-evaluation1 & nrt-evaluation1
The only experiment for evaluation is called baseline, which has an 'Evaluate' and 'Control' run and is used to evaluate the model. Automatically generated evaluation figures can be found in the figs/ directory.
nrt-final
This also contains only one run, baseline, but includes runs for each of the controls.
isimip-final
This has more runs:
- factual: Uses the ISIMIP3a obsclim driving dataset (see driving dataset above).
- counterfactual: Uses the ISIMIP3a counterclim dataset.
- early_industrial: Uses the early period ISIMIP3a counterclim dataset.
- historical/<<GCM>>/, ssp126/<<GCM>>/, ssp370/<<GCM>>/, ssp585/<<GCM>>/: Uses the ISIMIP3b datasets outlined above, where <<GCM>> is one of each of the five GCMs used in ISIMIP3b.
Additional Analysis
The analysis in the report also utilizes 95th and 90th percentile burnt area totals. These aren't as neatly organized as the NetCDF files yet, but we’re getting there. They can be found in:
figs/ _13-frac_points_0.5-<<experiment>>-control_TS/<<GCM>>-control_TS/pc-%%/ points-<<run>>.csv
Files
Files
(47.0 GB)
Name | Size | Download all |
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md5:94d9187d191c8df232d2d889dea8b1c6
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4.2 GB | Download |
md5:c66d25d8c5dfc29b1eff3da32745fecb
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42.7 GB | Download |
Additional details
Related works
- Is supplement to
- Model: 10.5281/zenodo.11460232 (DOI)
- Journal article: 10.5194/essd-2024-218 (DOI)
Funding
- Natural Environment Research Council
- NC-International Programme NE/X006247/1
- UK Research and Innovation
- TerraFIRMA: Future Impacts Risks and Mitigation Actions NE/W004895/1
- Met Office
- Department for Science, Innovation & Technology Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) Brazil
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Fellowship Award NE/V01417X/1
- European Commission
- Joint Research Center 942604
Software
- Repository URL
- https://github.com/douglask3/Bayesian_fire_models/tree/SoW
- Development Status
- Active
References
- Frieler, K., Volkholz, J., Lange, S., Schewe, J., Mengel, M., del Rocío Rivas López, M., Otto, C., Reyer, C. P. O., Karger, D. N., Malle, J. T., Treu, S., Menz, C., Blanchard, J. L., Harrison, C. S., Petrik, C. M., Eddy, T. D., Ortega-Cisneros, K., Novaglio, C., Rousseau, Y., Watson, R. A., Stock, C., Liu, X., Heneghan, R., Tittensor, D., Maury, O., Büchner, M., Vogt, T., Wang, T., Sun, F., Sauer, I. J., Koch, J., Vanderkelen, I., Jägermeyr, J., Müller, C., Rabin, S., Klar, J., Vega del Valle, I. D., Lasslop, G., Chadburn, S., Burke, E., Gallego-Sala, A., Smith, N., Chang, J., Hantson, S., Burton, C., Gädeke, A., Li, F., Gosling, S. N., Müller Schmied, H., Hattermann, F., Wang, J., Yao, F., Hickler, T., Marcé, R., Pierson, D., Thiery, W., Mercado-Bettín, D., Ladwig, R., Ayala-Zamora, A. I., Forrest, M., and Bechtold, M.: Scenario setup and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a), Geoscientific Model Development, 17, 1–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024, 2024.
- DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Kim, D.-H., Kelly, M., and Townshend, J.: MOD44B MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 250m SIN Grid V006, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD44B.006, 2015.
- DiMiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Huang, C., Hansen, M., and Townshend, J.: Annual Global Automated MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (MOD44B) at 250 m Spatial Resolution for Data Years Beginning Day 65, 2000-2010, Collection 5 Percent Tree Cover, University of Maryland, 2017.
- Mathison, C., Burke, E., Hartley, A. J., Kelley, D. I., Burton, C., Robertson, E., Gedney, N., Williams, K., Wiltshire, A., Ellis, R. J., Sellar, A. A., and Jones, C. D.: Description and evaluation of the JULES-ES set-up for ISIMIP2b, Geoscientific Model Development, 16, 4249–4264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4249-2023, 202
- Wigneron, J.-P., Li, X., Frappart, F., Fan, L., Al-Yaari, A., De Lannoy, G., Liu, X., Wang, M., Le Masson, E., and Moisy, C.: SMOS-IC data record of soil moisture and L-VOD: Historical development, applications and perspectives, Remote Sensing of Environment, 254, 112238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112238, 2021.
- McNorton, J. R. and Di Giuseppe, F.: A global fuel characteristic model and dataset for wildfire prediction, Biogeosciences, 21, 279–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-279-2024, 2024.
- Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., Van Drecht, G., and De Vos, M.: The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human-induced global land-use change over the past 12,000 years: HYDE 3.1 Holocene land use, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 73–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00587.x, 2011.
- Muñoz-Sabater, J., Dutra, E., Agustí-Panareda, A., Albergel, C., Arduini, G., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S., Choulga, M., Harrigan, S., Hersbach, H., Martens, B., Miralles, D. G., Piles, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, N. J., Zsoter, E., Buontempo, C., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications, Earth System Science Data, 13, 4349–4383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4349-2021, 2021.
- Cecil, D. J., Buechler, D. E., and Blakeslee, R. J.: Gridded lightning climatology from TRMM-LIS and OTD: Dataset description, Atmospheric Research, 135–136, 404–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.028, 2014.