Effect of Maternal Weight Gain during Pregnancy on Umbilical Cord Blood Lipid Profile
Authors/Creators
- 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- 3. Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
- 4. Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- 5. Professor & Head, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Description
Background: It is well established that fetal development is influenced by maternal factors and adverse intrauterine exposures. However, data regarding effect of these factors on fetal lipids is limited. As deranged fetal lipid profile is proposed to predispose to atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in later life, we planned to study effect of Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy (MWGDP) on Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Lipid Profile (LP). Material and Method: A hospital based cross sectional study including 200 neonates and their mothers satisfying inclusion criteria was performed. Both maternal and fetal data were collected from Out Patient Department (OPD)/In Patient Department (IPD) case files as well as Hospital Information System (HIS)/Laboratory Information system (LIS). We categorised mothers of neonates enrolled in our study according to Prepergnancy Body Mass Index (PPBMI) and respective MWGDP in three groups (low, normal and high MWGDP). The UCB samples were analysed for LP in order to compare Umbilical Cord Blood Lipid Profiles (UCBLP) among the groups of mothers based on MWGDP. Result: As the participants with high MWGDP were few, we excluded them from further analysis. In our study, neonates whose mother had low MWGDP, had more atherogenic UCBLPs (statistically significant higher levels of TC and LDL-C (with P values of 0.045 and 0.001, respectively) while statistically significant lower levels of HDL-C (P value of 0.0001) as compared to neonates whose mother who had MWGDP. Conclusion: The results suggest that low MWGDP has deleterious effect on UCBLP resulting in more atherogenic lipid levels. Confirmation of this association with the help of further studies might provide in development of better screening protocols aiming at prevention of future life cardiovascular risks.
Abstract (English)
Background: It is well established that fetal development is influenced by maternal factors and adverse intrauterine exposures. However, data regarding effect of these factors on fetal lipids is limited. As deranged fetal lipid profile is proposed to predispose to atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in later life, we planned to study effect of Maternal Weight Gain During Pregnancy (MWGDP) on Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Lipid Profile (LP). Material and Method: A hospital based cross sectional study including 200 neonates and their mothers satisfying inclusion criteria was performed. Both maternal and fetal data were collected from Out Patient Department (OPD)/In Patient Department (IPD) case files as well as Hospital Information System (HIS)/Laboratory Information system (LIS). We categorised mothers of neonates enrolled in our study according to Prepergnancy Body Mass Index (PPBMI) and respective MWGDP in three groups (low, normal and high MWGDP). The UCB samples were analysed for LP in order to compare Umbilical Cord Blood Lipid Profiles (UCBLP) among the groups of mothers based on MWGDP. Result: As the participants with high MWGDP were few, we excluded them from further analysis. In our study, neonates whose mother had low MWGDP, had more atherogenic UCBLPs (statistically significant higher levels of TC and LDL-C (with P values of 0.045 and 0.001, respectively) while statistically significant lower levels of HDL-C (P value of 0.0001) as compared to neonates whose mother who had MWGDP. Conclusion: The results suggest that low MWGDP has deleterious effect on UCBLP resulting in more atherogenic lipid levels. Confirmation of this association with the help of further studies might provide in development of better screening protocols aiming at prevention of future life cardiovascular risks.
Files
IJPCR,Vol15,Issue12,Article168.pdf
Files
(326.1 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:301a83a47089a705952a2081a5fa1d3c
|
326.1 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2023-12-14
Software
- Repository URL
- https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/15/IJPCR,Vol15,Issue12,Article168.pdf
- Development Status
- Active
References
- 1. Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, et al. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014; 129:1493. 2. Kent L, Thornburg. Fetal Origins of Cardiovascular Disease. Am Academy of Pediatrics. December 2004;(5):527-34. 3. Wallace JM, Milne JS, Aitken RP, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Luther JS, Horgan GW, Adam CL. Undernutrition and stage of gestation influence fetal adipose tissue gene expression. J Mol Endocrinol. 2015 Jun;54(3): 263-75. 4. Mishra KG, Bhatia V, Nayak R. Maternal Nutrition and Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain in Relation to Birth Weight: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study in India. Clin Nutr Res. 2020 Jul 28;9(3):213-222. 5. Ginsberg HN. Lipoprotein metabolism and its relationship to atherosclerosis. Med Clin North Am. 1994; 78:1–20. 6. Herrera E, Amusquivar E, López-Soldado I, Ortega H. Maternal lipid metabolism and placental lipid transfer. Horm Res. 2006; 65 (3):59. 7. Tohmaz U, Raid MR. Cord blood lipid profile. Ir J Neonatol. 2013;4(4):8-10. 8. Garrabou G, Hernàndez AS, Catalán García M, Morén C, Tobías E, Córdoba S, López M, Figueras F, Grau JM, Cardellach F. Molecular basis of reduced birth weight in smoking pregnant women: mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Addict Biol. 2016 Jan;21(1): 159-70. 9. Wild R, Weedin EA, Wilson D. Dyslipidemia in pregnancy. Cardiol Clin. 2015 May; 33(2): 209-15. 10. Lane DM, McConathy WJ. Factors affecting the lipid and apolipoprotein levels of cord sera. Pediatr Res. 1983 Feb;17(2):83-91. 11. Finster M, Wood M. The Apgar score has survived the test of time. Anesthesiology. 2005 May; 102 (4):855–857. 12. Bachani D, Agarwal DK, Mathur HN. Maternal factors influencing birth weight in rural population. Jr Obs Gyn Ind. 1985; 35:528-33. 13. Sámano R, Chico-Barba G, Martínez-Rojano H, Godínez E, Rodríguez-Ventura AL, ÁvilaKoury G, Aguilar-Sánchez K. Pre-pregnancy body mass index classification and gestational weight gain on neonatal outcomes in adolescent mothers: A follow-up study. PLoS One. 2018 Jul 12;13(7):e0200361. 14. Rasmussen KM, Yaktine AL, Institute of Medicine (Committee to Reexamine Pregnancy Weight Guidelines Food and Nutrition Board and Board on Children Youth and Families) Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines [Internet]. Washington, DC: Institute fo Medicine. National Academy Press; 2009. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12584. 15. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, Richmond W, Fu PC. Clin Chem. 1974; 20:470-475. 16. Trinder P. Triglyceride estimation by GPOPAP method. Ann Clin Biochemistry. 1969;6 :24–7 17. Burstein M, Scholnick HR, Morfin R. Rapid method for the isolation of lipoproteins from human serum by precipitation with polyanions. J Lipid Res. 1970; 11:583–95. 18. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem .1972;18:499–502. 19. Naik R, Karmali D, Nagarsenkar A, Mainath S, Pednekar G. Effect of Pre-pregnancy Maternal Body Mass Index on Obstetric Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Goa, India. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2022 Apr;72 (2):141-146.20. Dangat K, Gupte S, Wagh G, Lalwani S, Randhir K, Madiwale S, Pisal H, Kadam V, Gundu S, Chandhiok N, Kulkarni B, Joshi S, Fall C, Sachdev HS. Gestational weight gain in the REVAMP pregnancy cohort in Western India: Comparison with international and national references. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 5; 9:1022990. 21. Gujral J, Gupta J. Pediatric Dyslipidemia. 2023 Jul 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 36256753. 22. Kimura RE. Lipid metabolism in the fetalplacental unit In: Cowett RM. Principles of Perinatal-Neonatal Metabolism. NewYork: Springer-Verlag; 1991, p.291-303. 23. Gauster M, Hiden U, Blaschitz A, Frank S, Lang U, Alvino G, Cetin I, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Dysregulation of placental endothelial lipase and lipoprotein lipase in intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007;92(6):2256- 2263.