PENGWIN: Pelvic Bone Fragments with Injuries Segmentation Challenge

Pelvic fractures, typically resulting from high-energy traumas, are among the most severe injuries, characterized by a disability rate over 50% and a mortality rate above 13%, ranking them as the deadliest of all compound fractures. The complexity of pelvic anatomy, along with surrounding soft tissues, makes surgical interventions especially challenging. Recent years have seen a shift towards the use of robotic-assisted closed fracture reduction surgeries, which have shown improved surgical outcomes. Accurate segmentation of pelvic fractures is essential, serving as a critical step in trauma diagnosis and aiding in image-guided surgery. In 3D CT scans, fracture segmentation is crucial for fracture classification, pre-operative planning for fracture reduction, and screw fixation planning. For 2D X-ray images, segmentation plays a vital role in transferring the surgical plan to the operating room via registration, a key step for precise surgical navigation.
 
The task of segmenting fractured pelvic fragments is technically challenging due to the diverse shapes and positions of bone fragments and the complex fracture surfaces caused by bone collisions. Despite the success of deep learning in many domains, its application in pelvic fracture segmentation is still limited. This is primarily attributed to the lack of extensive image datasets and annotations specific to fractured pelvises.
 
The PENGWIN segmentation challenge is designed to advance the development of automated pelvic fracture segmentation techniques in both 3D CT scans (Task 1) and 2D X-ray images (Task 2), aiming to enhance their accuarcy and robustness. Our dataset comprises CT scans from 150 patients scheduled for pelvic reduction surgery, collected from multiple institutions using a variety of scanning equipment. This dataset represents a diverse range of patient cohorts and fracture types. Ground-truth segmentations for sacrum and hipbone fragments have been semi-automatically annotated and subsequently validated by medical experts. Furthermore, we have generated high-quality, realistic X-ray images and corresponding 2D labels from the CT data using the DeepDRR method, incorporating a range of virtual C-arm camera positions and surgical tools. The primary objective of the PENGWIN challenge is to foster innovative research in image segmentation while establishing a foundational resource for future studies and cross-disciplinary collaborations in pelvis-related research.