Report A1.1.1: Review to identify the current refuelling protocol specifications and operational parameters that are in place at HD-HRS and questionnaire to investigate the potential evolution of HD-HRS

This report discusses the current and future specifications and operations of HD-HRS that may affect hydrogen purity assessment. Key information is also acquired via a questionnaire sent out to several stakeholders where five answers were received and collated. In some respects, stakeholders are agreeing, for example around the vehicles storage, the refuelling flow rates, the refuelling pressures. The stakeholders indicate that compressed gaseous hydrogen has the highest potential for future vehicle storage systems at 350 and 700 bar. However, regarding the expected hydrogen throughput, the stakeholder replies vary significantly. It may be related to the country and maturity of the system.
Stakeholders have mixed feelings about subcooled liquid hydrogen probably due to the fact that it is an emerging technology. The lack of supply chain players and the lack of alignment between players including the “chicken and egg” problematic for stations (ability to build quickly and efficiently a network of stations) and vehicles has also been mentioned as a challenge to overcome.