Figure 4 from: Sadaqa E, Utami RA, Mudhakir D (2024) In vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Phyllanthus niruri extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles in TM4 cells and their influence on spermatogenesis. Pharmacia 71: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e112138

Figure 4 Cell viability percentage after 24 hours of exposure to various concentrations of ChNP and PNNP assessed by CCK8 test. The values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). All data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA. The stars indicate significant difference between control negative (untreated cells) and various treatment groups (P < 0.05 significantly different, p-value ≥ 0.05 was determined as non-significant (ns). A p-value score of between 0.01 and 0.05 was considered significant (*), between 0.01 and 0.001 as very significant (**), and < 0.001 as extremely significant (***).